336 THE MILK SITUATION IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 



in any central distributing plant, the entire supply so contaminated shall be 

 condemned. 



The dairy inspector shall order to be excluded from the rest of the herd all 

 cows whose milk is, in his opinion, for any reason unfit or dangerous for 

 human consumption, whether on account of disease of the udder, general 

 appearance of other disease, or generally bad condition. Exclusion from the 

 rest of the herd under such conditions is the only sure means of preventing 

 the milk from such cows from being occasionally mixed with the general 

 supply by irresponsible help. If any dairyman refuses or neglects to separate 

 any cow from the rest of his herd when instructed so to do, the dairy inspector 

 shall prohibit the sale of milk from such dairy until his instructions have been 

 complied with. 



The dairy inspector shall enter on his records all actions taken under the 

 last preceding paragraph, together with his reasons for the same. He shall 

 also record a full description of all cows thus ordered excluded. Any dairyman 

 who desires to appeal from the decision of the dairy inspector shall file with 

 the chief health officer of the city of Richmond the certificate of a competent 

 and reputable veterinary surgeon, which certificate shall also contain a full 

 description of the cow, or cows, for which said certificate is given, and the 

 chief health officer shall decide from all the evidence whether the orders of 

 the dairy inspector shall be sustained, but, pending such decision, the cow, or 

 cows, in question shall be excluded from the herd. Failure to do so shall 

 constitute sufficient ground for revocation of the permit to sell milk in the 

 city of Richmond. 



The chief health officer shall consider the certificate of the veterinary only 

 in so far as it relates to the physical condition of cows examined, but not as to 

 whether said condition renders the milk from such cows unwholesome or 

 dangerous for human consumption. 



All cow stables shall be kept clean at all times. Horses or other animals 

 (than cows) shall not be kept in cow stables. 



Manure shall be removed from the stable at least twice a day, to a distance 

 of at least 75 feet from the stable and from the source of the water supply 

 used for washing milk vessels and for other purposes about the milk house. 

 The place or places at which manure is deposited shall be approved by the 

 dairy inspector. The best disposition, both from the standpoint of sanitation 

 and that of securing the full fertilizing value of the manure, is to spread the 

 manure daily on the field. 



Privies on dairy farms shall not be located within 100 feet of the cow barn 

 or milk house. A greater distance than this is strongly recommended. All 

 privies on dairy farms shall, when located within 500 feet of cow barn or milk 

 house, conform in their construction to the rules and regulations of the Rich- 

 mond Board of Health governing the construction of privies within the city of 

 Richmond, and the night soil from such privies shall be- removed not less than 

 once a week and buried at a point approved by the dairy inspector. 



The water supply used about the dairy shall be clean and pure. No well 

 shall be located within less than 100 feet of any privy, hogpen, or manure 

 heap or pit. The top of all wells shall be watertight, and the drainage for at 

 least 10 feet in every direction shall be away from the well. All wells shall 

 be equipped with pumps. The use of buckets, operated by hand, windlass, or 

 wellsweep, is positively prohibited. 



All utensils used for milk shall be kept thoroughly cleansed. They must be 

 washed as soon as possible after being used, after which they shall be inverted 

 and aired in a place free from dust and flies. The sterilization of all milk 

 vessels with live steam is strongly recommended. 



Before milking, all .manure and other dirt shall be removed from the side, 

 belly, and tail of each cow, but this shall not be done so as to produce an 

 excess of floating material in the air, which will settle into the milk pail. It 

 is advised that long hairs on the udder and tail of the cows be kept clipped. 

 Immediately before milking, the udders shall be thoroughly cleansed, by first 

 washing with clean water and then drying thoroughly. The water used for 

 this purpose shall be changed with sufficient frequency to insure cleanliness. 

 The use of narrow-top milk pails is strongly urged. 



The milker shall wash his hands thoroughly before milking, after which 

 they must be well dried. Hands should be washed after milking every two 

 or three cows before going to the next. The clothing of milkers shall be "clean 

 The use of special milking suits, of washable material is recommended. 



