CONTENTS ix 



CHAPTER PAGE 



XVII. LESSONS WITH PLANTS 299 



Germination studies. Root function. Biennials. Stem 

 structure and function. Tree trunks. Propagation 

 stems. Buds. Leaves and their functions transpira- 

 tion and starch-making. Modified leaves. The flower 

 and its function. Pollination. Types of flowers. How 

 to study the whole plant. Movements of plants. Seed 

 dispersal. Grasses and cereals. Useful plants. 



XVIII. TREES .' 358 



Growth and life of a tree. Stem structure. Foliage. 

 Autumn coloration and leaf-fall. Flowers and fruit. 

 Conditions determining forest distribution. Forest con- 

 ditions. Influences and uses of forests. Destructive 

 agencies. Arbor Day purpose, programmes. Beau- 

 tification of school-grounds. Tree-planting. 



XIX. FLOWERLESS PLANTS 388 



Fern, Equisetum, moss, liverwort, lichen, and mushrooms. 



PART III 



GRADED COURSE OF NATURE-STUDY 399 



APPENDIX 



REFERENCE BOOKS AND NATURE READERS . . . .511 



INDEX . 539 



