244 



NATURE-STUDY 



jointed body is gray or brown or green to match the twigs of 

 the tree, and the long, thin body and legs are like thin, green 

 branches. 



Many of the Canker-worms or Inch- 

 worms resemble twigs very closely, 

 and when disturbed assume motion- 

 less, twig-like attitudes. 



One of the most striking illustra- 

 tions of protective coloration is the 

 Kallima, a South American butterfly, 

 which has blue and orange colors on 

 the upper side of its wings. This 

 butterfly, when resting, assumes a 

 leaf-like attitude, and the wings are 

 closed, exposing only the leaf -colored 

 under side. There are even lines that 

 mimic the venation of a leaf, so as to 

 make the illusion more complete. 



A number of our native butterflies, 

 with conspicuous upper wing-surfaces, 

 conceal themselves on the leaves and 

 bark of a tree, the under side of the 

 closed wings mimicking the color of 

 these surfaces. Moths also are pro- 

 tectively colored, usually on the upper 

 surface of the first pair of wings. 

 In the description of . the viceroy butterfly, reference was 

 made to the fact that it put on, as it were, the livery of another 

 butterfly, which for some reason seems to be immune to 

 the attacks of birds, namely, the Monarch. Many other such 

 cases of mimicry may be mentioned. 



FIG. 89. Walking-stick. 



