474 NATURE-STUDY 



two forms of flowers.* Which flower produces the fruit? 

 (152, 190, 156, etc.) 



Mulch the strawberry beds. Protect other plants. Set 

 spring bulbs (221, 229, bulb catalogues). See also page 280. 



Clean up for winter. 



FRUITS: Study of the structure * of some fruits: Apple, 

 plum, peach, grape, tomato, orange, pumpkin, nut. Try 

 to trace the apple, etc. from the flower.* Show how the 

 different parts of the apple are formed from the flower parts. 

 What portions are edible? Compare in different fruits. 



(152, 154, 156, i93> etc -) 



SEED DISPERSAL: What is the meaning of sweetness, 

 flavor, odor, and color in the fruit? Why do the plants 

 "want" the animals to eat their fruit? Discuss dispersal of 

 the seeds. Find illustrations in nature. Examine the vines, 

 shrubs, and trees along a neglected fence. Note the numer- 

 ous berry-bearing plants, and infer how they were started 

 here. (152, 154, 156, 158, 161, 193, etc.) Dispersal of 

 dry-fruits * and seeds : Poppy,* pinks, boxelder,* catalpa, 

 thistle,* milkweed,* cocklebur,* stick-tights, burdock, bal- 

 sam, and jewel weed. Refer to the agents of dispersal. 

 (191, 198, and the references in the last.) 



TREES:* Catalpa, hackberry, sycamore; white, "Nor- 

 way," and Austrian pines. (173, etc., 220, 22oa, 219.) 



FLOWERS: Dandelion studied as a composite.* Com- 

 pare with thistle and sunflower. Compare with double 

 asters,* dahlia,* marigolds,* etc., of the garden. (152, 193, 

 154, 156, 159, etc.) 



Identify and study Joe pye-weed,* dock,* and smart- 

 weed,* of the meadows. Also the roadside weeds: Pinnate 

 rag-weed, tall rag-weed,* sunflower-leaved rag-weed, carpet- 



