262 NATURE STUDY. 



as to be better understood. Special care must be taken 

 in the use of such a word as round, often used incor- 

 rectly as equivalent to spherical, cylindrical, conical, or 

 disk-shaped. 



Clearness and order in expression depend, to a con- 

 siderable extent, on clearness and order in observation. 

 If the first is well planned, the second is likely to be 

 orderly and definite. 



Both order and clearness depend largely on the way 

 in which the observation lesson is reviewed and the 

 main points clinched before the reproduction is at- 

 tempted. If there is a clear, careful summary at the 

 close of each step in the lesson, and a general oral re- 

 view at the close of the lesson, just be.fore the written 

 reproduction, it will greatly aid in making the written 

 work clear and orderly. 



It is often helpful to lead the class to decide on the 

 order. The teacher can ask the children, " What shall 

 we study first ? Why ? What next ? Why ? " Simi- 

 lar questions may be asked in the oral reproduction. 

 The order thus decided upon may be written on the 

 board, and will help the children in their oral or written 

 reproduction. 



The same plan can be followed to advantage in the 

 drawing or other form of expression. " In drawing the 

 bud, shall we draw the whole bud first, or a scale ? 

 Why? In modelling this apple, shall we make the 

 apple first, and then show the pits, or make the pits 

 first, and then shape the apple? Why?" 



In written work the teacher can guide the pupils at 



