FALL PLANT STUDY. 403 



In one hollow is the stem (the children will certainly 

 call this also " round," but pin them down to a more exact 

 statement, such as " round like a pencil "), green (or brown), 

 hard and tough. In the other hollow, called the " eye," are 

 five little brown pointed parts, looking together like a five- 

 pointed star. ( Often they are dried up ; to make sure that 

 the children see them, the teacher should point them out on 

 an apple in which they show clearly. ) In a hollow at the 

 centre of the " eye " are, in many cases, many dry threads, 

 some with little knobs at the end (the stamens). 



Often in the pit at the eye end is a quantity of dry 

 powder, the castings of the apple " worm " inside. Try to 

 find another hole from which the " worm/ 7 or caterpillar, 

 has probably escaped. 



Note the character and variations of the coloring. 



Step II. Moulding the Apple in Clay. 

 Emphasize thought that each child must copy the apple 

 on his desk, and tell the truth about it as well as he can. 



LESSON II. OBSERVATION OF INTERIOR OF APPLE. 



Step I. Study of Cross- Section. 



Give children apples divided midway between stem and 

 eye. They can easily see the rather tough skin, the flesh 

 sometimes showing a division into an outer and inner por- 

 tion quite sharply distinguished, and the star-shaped core, 

 consisting of five cavities, or " rooms," in each of which 

 usually live one or two brown seeds. 



Step II. Drawing Cross- Section. 



Teacher draw first on blackboard, at direction of children, 

 showing position of skin, core, and seeds. Why not call 

 the drawing " The House the Apple Tree Built for Her 

 Seeds." After showing the children how to draw the 



