48 NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST. 



single drops. This was the mode in some of the prov- 

 inces. 



SUBS. 6th. CluENouiLLE. This term is applied by the 

 French to trees trained in a regular pyramidal form ; from 

 their resemblance to the ancient distaff, they term it en 

 guenouille. 



In the Department of Maine and Loire, as we are in- 

 formed in the Annals of the Horticultural Society of Paris, 

 they train their trees en quenouille, not only of the pear and 

 apple, but of the peach, the apricot, the plum, and the 

 cherry, the vine, and other fruits. The pears for this pur- 

 pose are inoculated on the quince, and the apple on the 

 Paradise stocks. 



The trees they use are principally raised at Angers, 

 where the soil is of such extraordinary fertility, that it is 

 possible to raise a tree or quenouille, with all its lateral 

 branches, in a single year from the bud. 



There are some kinds of pears which do not incline to 

 throw out lateral shoots. When, therefore, the tree has 

 grown to a sufficient height for the first tier of branches, 

 they pinch off* the top for their production. When the 

 vertical shoot has risen to a sufficient height for another 

 set of branches, it is pinched off again, and another tier is 

 produced. And thus the process is continued, till the 

 requisite height is attained, and the tree is completely fur- 

 nished with its branches, from the bottom to the top. 

 When the lateral shoots incline to grow too fast, these 

 must also be nipped in, that the equilibrium and perfect 

 proportion of the tree may be preserved. 



This is an operation which requires much judgment and 

 experience in its application. If is observed that it always 

 causes a momentary suspension of the growth. If the 

 pinching or clipping off be too near the top, but one single 

 and vertical shoot will be produced ; if the top be shortened 

 a little lower, two branches only will put forth ; but if it be 

 shortened a little lower still, three or four lateial shoots 

 will put out just below, and a top or vertical one. 



Mr. London in his Magazine has described "a long row 

 of pear trees in the garden of Chiswick, trained en quc- 

 nouitte, or, more correctly, as regards those of Chiswick, en 

 pyramide, which, with the additional feature of the points 

 of the shoots tied down, has a very fine appearance." * * 



