106 NEW AMERICAN ORCHARDIST. 



water, a quantity of thin whale oil is added, and the secu- 

 rity is supposed to be complete. 



The Hon. H. A. S. Dearborn has further suggested, that 

 gutters formed of earthen Danvers ware, laid on the earth 

 around the tree, might perhaps prove cheaper ; and these 

 being filled with a fluid might be equally as effectual. 



Lastly, we would recommend for experiment, on the sup- 

 position that some one of them may prove effectual, the 

 application of the following substances. For a more par- 

 ticular account of them all, see the article INSECTS, in the 

 former part of this work. 



1. Chloride of Lime, to be placed around the roots of 

 the tree in a circular gutter, formed of any material, and 

 screened, from rain?. 



2. Cinders from the blacksmith's forge,, applied in a sim- 

 ilar manner, which have been found by Professor Thouin 

 so effectual in obstructing the march of the wire-worm. 



3. The application of coal tar, instead of common tar, to 

 prevent the ascent of the grub. This substance, as has 

 already been stated, possesses either qualities so poisonous, 

 or an odor so. powerful, that its application is now said to 

 be effectual- ia preventing the ravages of the worm which 

 is so destructive to the plank of the ships which navigate 

 the ocean in warm latitudes. 



When the canker-worms have- on-ce gained possession 

 of the tree, it is by no means deemed an easy task to dis^- 

 lodge them. Attempts have been made to destroy or dis- 

 lodge them by fumigations of oil, sulphur, &,c., but the 

 accounts of the efficacy of such attempts are contradictory. 

 They may, however, be dislodged by pounding the limbs 

 and shaking the trees, and their reasceot prevented. 



Curculio. For an account of the various modes adopted 

 to avert the ravages of this destructive insect, see the arti- 

 cle INSECTS, in the former part of the work. 



GATHERING AND PRESERVING THE FRUIT. 



Various theories have been offered for preserving apples 

 in a sound state for winter use, or for distant voyages. 

 Some have proposed gathering the- fruit before it is ripe, 

 and drying it on floors before it is put up ; this has been 

 tried ; the apples lose their sprightly flavor, and keep no 

 better than by some less troublesome modes. Dr. Noah 



