I. BATTERIES. 267 



1298c. Antinori's First Apparatus for Induction 

 for Induction Sparks. Prof. Dove, Berlin. 



1299. Thermo-pile (Noe's system), with 20 elements in 

 radiating arrangement, heated by gas. The electro-motive power 

 is equal to five Bunsen elements. P. Dorffel, Berlin. 



Here the elements are arranged radially, so that the heating bars all 

 run to a middle point, where they can be heated by the single flame of a 

 Bunsen burner. The cooling is done with metal plates which are rolled into 

 a tubular form, and serve at the same time as stands for the battery. The 

 electro-motive force is equal to 1 Bunsen or 20 Jacobi-Siemens units. This 

 apparatus (as also the next, 1300) is recommended for small experiments in 

 electrolysis, &c. 



1300. Thermo-electric Pile (Noe's system), heated by a 

 spirit lamp, with 20 smaller elements, and consequently of greater 

 resistance. The electro-motive power is equal to one Bunsen 

 element. P. Dorffel, Berlin. 



1301. Thermo-electric Pile (Noe's system), heated by a 

 spirit lamp, with 10 smaller elements. Its electro-motive power is 

 equal to 0*5 Bunsen element. . P. Dorffel^ Berlin. 



Designed specially for medical use, in connexion with a small induction 

 apparatus. Should long action be desired it is well to place the battery with 

 lamp in a vessel with water, to avoid the great heating its small size involves, 

 and to exalt the action. 



13Ola. Thermo-Electric Generator (Clamond's 

 Patent). Constructed either for electrotyping, plating, gilding, 

 or telegraphy. A pile of 100 bars burning 4 feet per hour, will 

 deposit an ounce of copper per hour. 



Thermo-Electric Generator Company (Clamond's Patent). 



The Thermo-Electric Piles or Generators are constructed of elements, one 

 pole of which is tinned iron, the other being an alloy of two parts of antimony 

 to one of zinc. The .iron is cast into the alloy, and thus a perfect connexion 

 is made. The pairs thus formed are then laid side by side, and being cemented 

 together, form a ring or crown (the cement used is a mixture of asbestos and 

 silicate of soda) ; one crown being complete another is laid above it, though 

 insulated from it by the same cement, and so on, giving the pile a cylindrical 

 form. The junctions are heated thus : Up the centre of the pile is placed a 

 perforated earthen tube and gas issuing from a Bunsen's jet burns at the per- 

 forations, heating an iron core red hot, which radiates its heat to the junctions 

 of the pairs, thus the flame never impinges on the metals, and all oxidization, 

 &c. is obviated; the heated air passes over the top of the iron core, and 

 curling down, escapes by a pipe from the bottom of the pile. The elements 

 of each crown are connected in series, but the terminals of every crown are 

 brought into a wooden support and can be connected at will for high tension 

 or great quantity. As a standard of power the following may be used : 



A 100 bar pile consuming 4 feet of gas per hour has E.M.F. 5 volts., Int. 

 Ees. 1 ohm. 



A 240 small tension bar pile, consuming 4 feet of gas per hour has E.M.F. 

 12 volts,, Int. Res. 6 ohm. 



Piles are also made to be heated by coke or charcoal, and a battery having 

 an E.M.F. of 20 volts, and Int. Res. of 4 ohms burns 2 Ibs. of coke per hour. 

 Petroleum is also used for heating the piles. 



