376 SEC. 11. ASTRONOMY. 



the vertical circle attached to the telescope. All the verniers are covered 

 with glass, and the alhidada of the vertical circle has a separate level. The 

 instrument was made for the Imperial Observatory at Strasburg. 



1914a. Photographs of Chinese Astronomical Instru- 

 ments, enlarged byi the Autotype Company from the original 

 photographs by J. Thomson, F.R.Gr.S. Autotype Company. 



No. 1. Ancient arniillary sphere in the court of the observatory, Peking. 

 This instrument was made under the direction of Ko-show-king (during the 

 Yuen or Mongol dynasty, about the close of the 13th century), one of the 

 most renowned astronomers in Chinese history, and at the time chief of the 

 astronomical board. The instrument is solid bronze, of hugh dimensions and 

 exquisite workmanship. A substantial metal horizon crossed at right angles 

 by a double ring for an azimuth circle forms the outer framework. The 

 upper surface of the horizon is divided into 12 equal parts marked with 

 C3'clical characters, the names of the 12 hours into which the Chinese divide 

 the day and night. These are paired with eight characters of the denary 

 cycle and four of the famous eight diagrams of the Book of Changes. The 

 inside of the ring bears the names of the 12 states into which China was in 

 ancient time divided. An equatorial circle is fixed inside the frame, within 

 which a sphere turns on two pivots at the poles of the azimuth. This is 

 made up of an equatorial circle and double ring ecliptic, an equinoctial circle, 

 and double ring solstitial collar. The equator is divided into 28 unequal 

 portions marked by the names of a like number of constellations of unknown 

 antiquity. The ecliptic is divided into 24 equal parts. All these circles are 

 divided into 3665- degrees, corresponding to the days of the year, and each 

 degree is divided into 100 parts, as the centenary division prevailed for 

 everything less than degrees, till the arrival of Father Verbiest in the 17th 

 century. 



No. 2. Armillary sphere on the terrace of the observatory at Peking, made 

 under the direction of Father Verbiest ; see Thomson's " Illustrations of China 

 ' and its People." 



No. 3. Celestial globe on the terrace of the observatory at Peking ; sec 

 Thomson's " Illustrations of China and its People." 



1914b. Model of Hipparchus' Astrolabe, showing how 

 that astronomer observed longitudes, and was enabled to determine 

 the processsion of the equinoxes. J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S. 



1914c. Two Photographs of the 25-inch Refractor con- 

 structed by Messrs. Cooke & Sons, of York, for Mr. Lewall, of 

 Gateshead-on-Tyne. J. Norman Lockyer^ F.R.S. 



1914d. Collection of Photographs, illustrating various 

 expeditions for observing Total Eclipses of the Sun. 



J. Norman Lockyer, F.R.S. 



1914e. Three enlarged Photographs of the Moon, by 



Mr. Rutherford, of New York. J. Norman Lockycr, F.R.S. 



1915. Atlas Ccelestis Novus. Stellas per mediam Europam 

 solis oculis conspicuaB secunduni veras lucis magnitudines e coelo 

 ipso descriptre ab Eduardo Heis D. Math, et Astro. Prof. P. O. in 



