398 SEC. 12. APPLIED MECHANICS. 



VI. THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF 

 MECHANICS TO MACHINERY AS EMPLOYED IN 

 THE ARTS. 



2O19b. Drawing of a connecting motion as applied to double 

 screw boats. M. Chas. Bourdon, Paris. 



201 9c. Model of Connecting Motion, joining^ the apparatus 

 recommended in the Mulhouse manufactories. 



M. Engel Dolfus, Paris. 



This model belongs to the " Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers." Each 

 apparatus of which it is composed has a special direction for its erection. 



2019d. Fapin's Steam Cylinder. 



Royal Museum in Cassel (Director, Dr. Pinder). 



The cast-iron cylinder was to have been a part of a large pumping 

 engine, which, however, was never completed. The object was to supply a 

 canal with water at the height of Hofgeismar, whereby the Landgraf Charles 

 hoped to draw the traffic of the Weser to Cassel. An explosion which took 

 place in Papin's laboratory while the Landgraf was contemplating a visit, led 

 to the bold investigator withdrawing from the influence of his enemies. He 

 came to England (1707), but did not succeed with his plans, and died in 

 poverty. Papin's sketch of his contemplated pumping engine is exhibited 

 with the cylinder. It was a peculiar combination of the Sayery engine and 

 the piston engine recommended by Papin for other purposes. In the closed 

 boiler A (with safety-valve of Papin's design), steam was generated, which (on 

 opening the cock C) could pass through pipe B to cylinder D. Here it 

 pressed down the close fitting piston or float E which rested on water that 

 had been supplied through the funnel I from a reservoir. The water was 

 thus forced into the chamber E ; its return was prevented by a valve at H ; 

 and the steam-cock C being now shut and the condensed steam allowed to 

 escape from the upper part of D, water from the reservoir was admitted 

 anew, and the process repeated. The water raised into F could be further 

 directed through the tube G. Papin proposed to add to the effect by 

 introducing red hot irons through the opening in the cover of the cylinder D. 

 Of the two cylinders it is probably D that it is exhibited. 



2O2O. " A new Water Engine for Quenching and Ex- 

 tinguishing Fires." 



Lent from the Patent Office Museum by the Commissioners 

 of Patents. 



This engine is made under patents No. 439, A.D. 1721, and No. 479, 

 A.D. 1725, granted to Richard Newsham, pearl button maker, of London, 

 and is one of the first engines in which two cylinders and an air vessel are 

 combined and worked together so as to ensure the discharge of a continuous 

 and uniform stream of water with great force. This invention of Newsham 

 still exists in all fire-engines of the present day, with improvements in 

 materials, workmanship, and the application of steam power. 



