CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



SECTION A. PECORA. 



The Pecora, or typical ruminants, are distinguished, 

 among other features, by the absence of upper front or 



FIG. 6. LOWER FRONT TEETH OF RED DEER (Cervus elaphus), to show 

 arrangement characteristic of Pecora. The outermost pair are canines, 

 and the other three pairs incisors. 



Nat. size. From Miller's Cat. Mamm. West. Europe. 



incisor teeth (fig. 3), and by the lower incisors forming, in 

 conjunction with the lower canines, a semicircle of four 

 spatulate pairs (fig. 6), which bite against a callous pad in 



FIG. 7. THE STOMACH OF A SHEEP, CUT OPEN TO SHOW 

 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE. 



ce, oesophagus, or gullet ; ru, rumen, or paunch ; ret, reticulum, or 

 honeycomb ; ps, psalterium, or manyplies ; ab, abomasum ; py, 

 pylorus ; du, duodenum, the commencement of the small intestine. 



the upper jaw. In most cases the dental formula is i.^ t 

 c.-^ji, p. -|, m. -|= 32 or 34. The cheek-teeth (premolars and 

 molars) are selenodont (fig. 2), that is to say, carry crescent- 

 shaped columns on their grinding surfaces, so arranged that 



