BOVIN.K 31 



IV. BOS (POEPHAGUS) GRUNNIENS. 



Bos grunniens, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 71, 1758, ed. 12, vol. i, 

 p. 99, 1766 ; Sundevall, K. Svcnska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. 153, 

 1846 ; Radde, ReisenOst-Sibirien, p. 272, 1861 ; Severtzow, Ann. 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xviii, p. 336, 1876 ; Kinloch, Large 

 Game Shooting, vol. ii, p. 5, 1876 ; Floivcr and Garson, Cat. 

 Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. pt. ii, p. 227, 1884 ; W. L. Sclater, 

 Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. pt. ii, p. 128, 1891 ; Blanford, Fauna 

 Brit. India, Mamm. p. 490, 1891 ; Ward, Records of Big Game, 

 p. 277, 1896 ; Pousargues, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, 1898, p. 138 ; 

 Kohler, Zool. Gart. vol. xl, p. 72, 1899 ; Greve, ibid. p. 313 ; 

 PococJc, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 934. 



Bos poephagus, Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. vol. i, p. 248, pi. xxii, 

 1811 ; H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 404, 

 1827 ; Hutton and Blyth, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xv, 

 p. 143, 1846. 



Bos (Bison) poephagus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, 

 p. 374, 1827. 



Bison poephagus, Jardine, Nat. Libr. Mamm. vol. iv, p. 259, 1836 ; 

 Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. x, pp. 449 and 912, 

 1841, xvi, p. 708, 1847. 



Poephagus grunniens, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. MILS. p. 153, 1843, 

 Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 40, 1852, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, 

 p. 191, pi. xxxv, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 14, 1872; Horsfield, 

 Cat. E. Ind. Mus. p. 184, 1851 ; Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, 

 p. 529 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 230, 1862 ; 

 Sterndale, Mamm. Ind. p. 489, 1884 ; Przewalski, Cat. Zool. Coll. 

 p. 13, 1887. 



Poephagus mutus, Przewalski, Eeis. in Tibet, p. 72, 1884, Cat. Zool. 

 Coll. p. 13, 1887. 



Bos (Poephagus) grunniens, Huet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. Paris, vol. 

 xxxviii, p. 334, 1891 ; Lydekker, Game Animals of India, etc. 

 p. 76, 1907, Cat. Hume Bequest Brit. Mus. p. 3, 1913 ; Ward, 

 Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 437, 1910. 



Bos (Bison) grunniens, Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 51, 

 pi. iv, 1898, Great and Small Game of Europe, etc. p. 122, 1901. 



YAK. 



Typical locality unknown ; species based on domesticated 

 breed. 



Build massive ; shoulder-height in adult bulls at least 

 5J feet, and reported in some instances to be nearly 6 feet. 

 Withers forming a conspicuous hump, behind which the back 

 is nearly straight. Muzzle and ears relatively small ; no 

 dewlap ; limbs short and stout, terminating in large, broad 

 hoofs. Horns slightly compressed at base in adult bulls, 

 but otherwise nearly circular in section and smooth, curving 

 at first upwards and outwards, then forwards, and finally 



