BOVINE 35 



The two species are distinguished as follows : 



A. Hind-quarters well developed ; colour brownish ; horns 



relatively long ; ears not concealed by mane B. bonasus. 



B. Hind-quarters very low and weak ; colour blackish ; 



horns shorter ; ears buried in mane ; orbits more 



tubular B. bison. 



V. BOS (BISON) BONASUS. 



Bos bonasus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, p. 71, 1757, ed. 12, vol. i, p. 99, 



1766 ; Radde, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 175 ; Satunin, Zool. Jahrb. 



Syst. vol. ix, p. 104, 1896 ; Buxton, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 64 ; 



Westburg, Arb. Ver. Riga, 1899, p. 1 ; Lydekker, The Ox and Its 



Kindred, p. 209, 1912. 

 Bos urus, Boddaert, ElencJms Anim. p. 150, 1788 ; Fischer, Synop. 



Mamm. p. 497, 1839 ; Clermont, Quadr. and Rept. Europe, p. 144, 



1859 ; Hnet, Bull. Soc. Acclim. Paris, vol. xiii, p. 3, 1891 ; Ward, 



Records of Big Game, p. 279, 1896 ; nee Linn. 1757 and 1766. 

 Bos bison, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 398, 



1827; Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1844, p. J54, 



1846 ; Blasius, Sdugethiere Deutschlands, p. 492, 1857, nee Linn. 

 Bos (Bison) bison, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, 



p. 373, 1827. 

 Urus nostras, Bojanus, Nova Acta Acad. Cces. Leop.-Car. vol. xiii, 



p. 413, 1827. 

 Bison europseus, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 126 ; Riitimeyer, 



Verh. Ges. -Basel, ser. 2, vol. iv, p. 339, 1865. Abh. schweiz. pal. 



Ges. vol. v, p. 139, 1878 ; Dawkins, Early Man in Britain, p. 98, 



1880 ; Nehring, Tundren u. Steppen, p. 206, 1890 ; Schiemenz, 



Biol. Centraiblatt, vol. xvii, p. 479, 1897 ; nee Bos europaeus, 



Gmelin. 

 Bison bonassus, Gray, Knowsley Menagerie, p. 48, 1850, Cat. Ungu- 



lata Brit. Mus. p. 36, 1852, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 14, 



1872 ; Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 229, 1862. 

 Bison bonasus, Flower and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. R. Coll. Surg. 



pt. ii, p. 232, 1884; Biichner, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 8, 



vol. iii, No. 2, 1896; Westberg, Festschrift Ver. Riga, 1896, 



p. 267, Arb. Ver. Riga, ser. 2, vol. viii, p. 1, 1899 ; Buxton, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 64 ; Vrublevskij, Mess. med. veterin. soz. St. 



Peterb. vol. xix, p. 25, 1908, vol. xxi, p. 286, 1909 ; Greve, Bait. 



weidm.-vet. vol. v, p. 361, 1909; Hilzheimer, Mitt. K. Nat.-kab. 



Stuttgart, 1909, p. 252 ; Trouessart, Faune Mamm. Europe, 



p. 243, 1910. 

 Bos (Bison) bonasus, Lydekker, Wild Oxen, Sheep, and Goats, p. 64, 



pi. v, 1898, Game Animals of Europe, etc. p. 115, 1901 ; Ward, 



Records of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 433, 1910. 

 Bonasus europaeus, Yermoloff, Smithsonian Inst. Rep. 1906, p. 345. 



BISON : ZUBR. 



Typical locality probably Bielowitza, Lithuania. 

 Height at shoulder from 6 feet to 6 feet 2 inches; 

 hind-quarters relatively high, pasterns long, tail reaching 



D 2 



