40 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



Eesolution, Great Slave Lake ; but formerly ranging from 

 the East Slope of the Eocky Mountains to the 95th meridian, 

 and from lat. 63 to lat. 55 N. ; probably southwards along 

 the Eocky Mountains to the United States. 



5. SUBGENUS BUBALUS. 



Bubalus, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 371, 1827, 

 as a subgenus ; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 23, 1852 ; 

 Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xxiv, p. 191, 1911. 



Anoa, H. Smith, Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. v, p. 355, 1827, 

 as a subgenus ; Gray, Cat. Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 29, 1852. 



Syncerus, Hodgson, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. xvi, p. 709, 1847 ; 

 Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, vol. xxiv, p. 192, 1911. 



Buffelus, Riitimeyer, Verh. Ges. Basel, ser. 2, vol. iv, p. 334, 1865, 

 Denlcschr. schweiz. Ges. vol. xxii, pt. 2, art. 3* p. 52, 1867, Abh. 

 schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 189, 1878 ; Matschie, Sdugeth. deutsch. 

 Ost.-Afrika, p. 107, 1896. 



Probubalus, Riitimeyer, Verh. Ges. Basel, ser. 2, vol. iv, p. 334, 1865, 

 Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. v, p. 189, 1878. 



Planiceros, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 10, 1872, as sub- 

 genus. 



Synceros, Gray, Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 12, 1872, as sub- 

 genus. 



Build heavy, and line of back nearly straight ; horns 

 more or less markedly triangular for the greater part of their 

 length, situated low down on the skull, of which the frontal 

 region is highly convex. Ears large, muzzle broad, limbs 

 short and stout, tail tufted and reaching about to hocks; 

 hair sparse in adults. Thirteen pairs of ribs. 



Opinions vary greatly as to the number of species of 

 buffaloes, but if all the African forms be included under a 

 single specific heading, the following synopsis will serve to 

 distinguish the well defined species. 



A. Hair of middle line of back directed forwards 



from haunches to nape ; ears relatively small ; 

 skull relatively long and narrow, with vomer 

 fused to palatines. 



a. Size large or medium, horns directed more 



or less outwardly Bos bubalis. 



b. Size medium, horns directed more upwardly Bos mindorensis. 



c. Size small, horns directed mainly upwards, 



in a V-like manner Bos depressicornis. 



B. Hair of middle line of back normally directed 



backwards from nape to rump ; ears large and 

 heavily fringed; skull relatively broad and 

 short, with vomer free from palatines Bos caffer. 



