180 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



ridges on outer surface of upper premolars distinct, but 

 median ridge obsolete. The distributional area includes the 

 mountains of southern Europe from the Asturias and 



FIG. 46. LOWER INCISORS AND CANINES OF CHAMOIS 



(Rupicapra rupicapra). 

 From Miller's Cat. Mamm. West. Europe, p. 993. 



Pyrenees, through the Alps, Apennines, and Carpathians, to 

 the Caucasus, and thence to those of Asia Minor. 



EUPICAPEA EUPICAPEA. 



Capra rupicapra, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, vol. i, p. 68, 1758, ed. 12, 



vol. i, p. 95, 1766 ; var. a. sylvatica, var. b. alpina, Sundevall, 



K. Svenska Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1845, p. 284, 1847. 

 Antilope rupicapra, Pallas, Spicil. Zool. fasc. xi, p. 42, 1767-80. 

 Antilope (Eupicapra) rupicapra, Blainville, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816, 



p. 75; H. Smith, Griffith's Anim. Kingdom, vol. iv, p. 281, 



vol. v, p. 353, 1827. 

 Eupicapra hamulicornis, Burnett, Quart. Journ. Sci. Lit. Art. 1829, 



pt. 2, p. 353. 

 Eupicapra tragus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 167, 1843, Cat. 



Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 116, 1852, Cat. Euminants Brit. Mus. 



p. 41, 1872, Hand-List Euminants Brit. Mus. p. 112, 1873; 



Gerrard, Cat. Bones Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 242, 1862; Flower 



and Garson, Cat. Osteol. Mus. E. Coll. Surg., pt. ii, p. 256, 



1884 ; Flower and Lydekker, Study of Mammals, p. 349, 1891 ; 



Lydekker, Game Animals of Europe, etc. p. 176, 1901 ; Ward, 



Eecords of Big Game, ed. 6, p. 337, 1910. 



Eupicapra capella, Bonaparte, Atti Eiun. Sci. Ital. 1844, p. 337. 

 Capella rupicapra, Keyserling and Blasius, Wirbeltk. Europ. p. iv, 



1840; Blasius, Sdugeth. Deutschl. p. 488, 1857; Brehm, Tier- 



leben, ed. 3, Sdugeth. vol. iii, p. 402, 1891. 

 Eupicapra europaea, Cornalia, Fauna Ital. p. 53, 1870. 

 Eupicapra dorcas, Schulze, Abh. u. Vortrdge Gesammtb. Naturwiss. 



vol. iv, No. 10, p. 9, 1897. 

 Eupicapra rupicapra, Weber, Sdugetiere, p. 674, 1904 ; Pocock, Proc. 



Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 848 ; Trouessart, Faune Mamm. Europe, 



p. 235, 1910 ; Miller, Cat. Mamm. W. Europe Brit. Mus. p. 993, 



1912 



CHAMOIS, GEMS, OR IZARD. 



