32 TOTIPALMATE BIRDS. 



ked space about face and gula sac, greenish ; feet, bluish. 

 In winter the entire head and neck are white. Young, gray 

 above and white beneath. Brown Pelicans fish more often 

 by flying at a slight elevation over the water, then dropping 

 into it, than by swimming. Fish are carried to the young in 

 the gullet, not in the gula sac, and regurgitated. Breed in 

 abundance on the islands of southern Fla., Gulf of Mexico, 

 Caribbean Sea, and West Indies, wandering north regularly 

 to N. C. and accidentally to 111. 



D. CORMORANTS. Phalacrocoracidae. 

 Water birds of from moderate to large size ; black or 

 brownish; bill, shorter than head, Fig- 33. 



not flattened, but prominently 

 hooked; gula sac, small, fig. 34 ;> 

 tail, long, rounded, with feathers 

 stiffened ; toes and nostrils as in 

 B, fig. 33; foot, 1-3; toe nail, life- 

 size. Nests, placed on rocky cliffs, 

 trees, and bushes, composed of El, D. a, 2. 



sticks, seaweed, etc. ; eggs, 2 to 5, much as in B. Flight, 

 Fig. 34. rapid, direct, often in lines or Ys, but fre- 



quently breaking into irregular masses ; 

 wing-beats, continuous and rather rapid. 

 Often perch on buoys, beacons, partly 

 submerged rocks, and trees; when sit- 

 ting upright, the neck is curved and the 

 head is held well up slightly in advance 

 of the body; sometimes the wings are 

 widely spread and held in this way for 

 ; a considerable time, fig. 34 ; walk fairly 

 ; well ; dive with ease, sometimes from 

 i the wing, but usually when swimming, 

 remaining beneath the surface of the 

 water for some time ; in alighting, will 

 E, D, a, 2. 1 10. usually pass the object on which they 

 intend to rest, then turn and come back to it ; in starting 

 from a perch, will almost always drop downward nearly to 



