44 GULLS. 



dark-brown. First year, nearly uniform dark brown, with 

 comparatively few streakings of buffy above. Downy young, 

 grayish-white ; top of head, spotted with black ; remaining 

 upper parts, clouded with grayish. Old World, south in win- 

 ter to the Azores ; Cumberland Sound ; occasionally on the 

 eastern coast of the U. S. 



5. AMERICAN HERRING GULL, L. SMITHSONIANUS. 

 Differs from 4 in having the white near the tip of the outer 

 primary, separated from the white of tip by a bar of black, 

 and this is rarely less than .50 wide, fig. 51. Breeds through- 

 out the whole of N. E.from about the latitude of Me. north- 

 ward; constantly resident as far south as Cape Ann, Mass., 

 on the coast ; winters in abundance from Me. to the Caroli- 

 nas, rather common as far as the St. John's River, Fla., and 

 occasional along the coast to Cuba ; migrates south in Sept. ; 

 north in April, fig. 49, young in flight. 



6. KUMLIEN'S GULL, L. KTJMLIENI. Size of 4; differs 

 in being very pale, the primaries gray, but with the white 

 marks at the tips showing distinctly, though the wings usu- 

 ally appear quite white in flight. Young, mottled with brown- 

 ish, much as in 3. Breeds about Cumberland Gulf, migrat- 

 ing south in winter regularly to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and 

 Mass., where it is rare. 



7. ICELAND GULL, L. LEUCOPTERUS. Size of 4, but 

 similar to 3 in all plumages. Coasts of the North Atlantic, 

 migrating south in winter to Newfoundland and very rarely 

 as far as Mass. 



8. RING-BILLED GULL, L. DELAWARENSIS. Color, 

 much as in 5 ; man- Fig. 52. - 



tie, a little darker; 



size, smaller, 19.00; 



bill, greenish crossed 



by a black band, fig. 



52 ; iris, pale yellow. 



Young, much lighter F 9 B, C, 8. 



than in 5, even in the first year the head, neck and beneath 



are nearly white, and the back is lighter; the bill is whitish 



