IV, C, b, 1. 1-15. 



DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 131 



neck for more than half its length, brownish-red tinged with 



violet; remainder of neck, Fig. 151. 



body in front of wings and 



lower back, black; canvassing 



on back and sides with the 



black and white of about 



equal area; bill, black; feet, 



bluish; iris, orange, fig. 151. 



Female, brownish throughout 



with the canvassing above 



faintly indicated. Breeds from 



southern Mich, and northern 



Me. northward, migrating 



southward in Oct. to winter from Mass, (where it is rare 



north of Cape Cod) southward, becoming very common from 



Chesapeake Bay through the Carolinas ; comes north in April. 



Nests on ground ; eggs, 6 to 10, creamy-white. Occurs in flocks 



or occasionally singly. 



2. CANVAS-BACK. A. VALLISNERIA. Differs from 1 

 in being a trifle larger ; bill, long and tapering, 2.75 produced 

 back on forehead ; red of neck not extending over more than 

 half its length ; canvassing with white predominating, fig. 

 152. Breeds from the northwestern States northward; time 

 of migration and winter Fig. 152. 



range with nesting habits 

 about as in 1. 



c. Black-headed 

 Ducks. Fuligula. 



Bill, flatter than in b 

 and slightly expanded tow- 

 ard tip ; head and neck, and 

 upper breast, black. 



1. SCAUP, F. MARILA. 

 19.00; bill, 1.80; speculum, J\ , C, b, 2. 1-16. 



White; head glossed with green and violet; space in middle 



