DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 197 



3. HUDSONIAN CHICKADEE, P. HUDSONICUS. Dif- 

 fers from 1 in being more reddish above and on sides ; black 

 only on throat, fig. 257. Northern Fig. 256. 



N. A. from northern N. S., rarely 

 as far south as Mass, (in winter) 

 northward. Notes, similar to 

 1 but harsher. 3*. See appendix. 



b. Titmice. Baeolophus. 



Larger than a ; plumage, not 

 as fluffy; head, crested. 



1. TUFTED TITMOUSE, B. 

 BICOLOR. 6.25; gray above; dull CC, B*a, 2. 



white beneath ; forehead and eyelids, black ; sides, reddish, 

 Fig. 257 fig. 258. Eastern U. S. from 



southern N. J. southward ; cas- 

 ual as far north as southern N. 

 E. Common. Notes, similar 

 to those of a, 1; but harsher 

 and louder; song, similar. 



C. CROWS, Corvidae. 



Large birds with very long 

 wings folding nearly to the tip 

 of tail ; all of our species are 

 black, more or less iridescent. 



CC, B* a, 3. Cries, harsh. Nests, placed in 



trees or on cliffs ; eggs, 3 to 6, grayish spotted with dusky. 

 Flight, strong and direct. 



a. Crows. Corvus. 

 Characters as above. 



1. AMERICAN CROW, C. AMERICANTJS. 20.00; feet, 

 short and stout, fig. 259. N. A. excepting Fla. Notes," Caw" 

 repeated several times, more rapidly when alarmed ; a series 

 of croaks, given quickly; and various guttural notes; some 

 individuals, at least, have a quite musical, but low song. 



