DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 213 



from Mass, north to Labrador and Newfoundland ; winters 

 from Middle States south to Fla., less commonly north to 

 Mass. ; south in Oct., north in April. Frequents swampy 

 thickets which border large marshes. Very common. Song 

 a rather musical trill ; in autumn a low, murmuring warble. 

 Nests on tussocks in open marshes. 



e. Rufous Sparrows. Passerella. 



Large sparrows with rather long wings, long, slightly 

 rounded tails, strong bills, and large feet; heavily streaked 

 above and below. 



1. FOX-COLORED SPARROW, P. ILIACA. 7.25; red- 

 dish-yellow and ashy above, brightest on tail; white beneath 

 where markings are reddish, streakings accumulate as in d, 

 1, those in center of breast being dark, fig. 281. Breeds 

 from the islands about the Gulf of St. Lawrence northward ; 

 (less commonly in northern Me.) to the Arctic regions ; win- 

 ters from southern N. E. to Fla. ; south in Oct. ; north in 

 April. Common. Frequents thickets, feeding on the ground, 

 scratches much among the leaves, etc. Song, begins loud 

 and clear with three double notes ending with two. the last 

 accented, " Wil-lie wil-lie wil-lie work you" one of the finest 

 of our sparrow songs. Nest on ground ; eggs, pale blue heav- 

 ily spotted with reddish-brown. 



f. Ground Bunting's. Pipilo. 



Large Fringiline birds with long tails, short wings, and 

 large feet, which live mostly upon the ground in thickets ; 

 nests on ground ; eggs (of our species), pale blue thickly spot- 

 ted with reddish-brown. 



1. RED-EYED TOWHEE, P. ERYTHROPHTHALMUS. 8.00; 

 upper parts, lower neck, and upper breast, black ; sides, red- 

 dish-brown ; few markings on wings, tips of outer tail feath- 

 ers, and middle parts beneath, white ; iris, red, fig. 282. Fe- 

 male, black replaced by brownish. Breeds from southern 

 British Provinces south to Gulf Coast, winters from Middle 

 States (rarely north to Mass.) to Fla. ; south in Oct. ; north in 



