DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. '227 



1*. HOLBOELL'S REDPOLL, A. i,. HOLBOELLII. Dif- 

 fers from 1 in being larger. Extreme northern portions of 

 Europe, Asia, and N. A., wandering south in winter rarely as 

 far as Mass., northern Ind., and Mich. 



2. GREATER REDPOLL, A. ROSTRATA. Larger than 

 1 ; chord of upper mandible convex and bill heavier, fig. 298, 

 A ; streakings broader, rosy less extended. Resident in Green- 

 land, wandering south in winter, irregularly and at wide in- 

 tervals as far as Mass, (where sometimes common), N. Y., 

 Mich., northern Ind., and northern 111 



3. GREENLAND REDPOLL, A. HORKEMANN i. Larger 

 than 1 ; very pale ; rump, white, unstreaked ; rosy tinting very 

 pale. Resident in Greenland, Iceland, and Spitzbergen, wan- 

 dering in winter irregularly to the region about Hudson Bay 

 and casually to Ontario. 



4. HOARY REDPOLL, A. EXILIPHS. Differs from 3 

 in being much smaller (about the size of 1) and slightly dark- 

 er; bill, very short; chord of upper Fig. 298. 

 mandible, concave, fig. 298, B. Cir- ^ ^ 

 cumpolar-continental districts, "T- ^g? .T^ 

 south irregularly in winter to the 



more northern U. S., Mass, (rare), Mich., and 111. 



5. BREWSTER'S LINNETT, A. BREWSTKRI. Like an 

 immature female 1 but differs in having no red on the crown, 

 primaries and tail feathers edged with pale yellow, rump 

 tinged with yellow. Known only from the type specimen 

 taken at Waltham, Mass., Nov. 1, 1870. 



u. Siskins. Spinus. 



Differ from t in having the bill longer and more pointed; 

 colors, black, white and yellow. 



1. PINE SISKIN, S. PINUS. 5.25 ; grayish-white streaked 

 with dusky; bases of wing feathers and tail, pale yellow, fig. 

 299. Breeds in the higher mountains of N. C., Penn., N. E., 

 and northward through the coniferous forest districts of the 

 British Possessions, wandering south with the failure of food 



