DIRECTORY TO BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 231 



Possessions ; along the Alleghanies to N. C. ; winters in Cen- 

 tral America and northern S. A. ; south in Sep. ; north in May. 

 Frequents open woodlands, groves and orchards. Common. 

 Song, rich, clear and varied, the notes flowing together, given 

 sometimes as the bird flies ; alarm, a metallic click. Unsus- 

 picious. Flight, rather swift and undulating. 



2. BLACK-HEADED GKOSBEAK, Z. MELANOCEPHALA. 

 Differs from 1 in having a line behind eye, collar on neck be- 

 hind, sometimes mottlings on back rump, and most of lower 

 parts buffy cinnamon ; no rose ; under wing coverts and belly, 

 yellow. Female, differs from 1 chiefly in being buffy or 

 ochraceous, streakings on sides, but usually none on breast ; 

 yellow beneath as in male. Western U. S. from Mexico to 

 British Columbia ; accidental in Mich. 



z. Cardinals. Cardinalis. 



Large, crested grosbeaks, with thick bills, short wings, 

 and long tails; males, bright red. Nests, in trees; eggs, 

 grayish spotted with brown. 



1. CARDINAL GROSBEAK, C. CARDINALIS. 8.50; ver- 

 milion-red duller above; line surround- Fig. 306. 

 ing bill, with throat, black ;bill, orange, 

 fig. 305. Female, differs in being gray- 

 ish-yellow above and buffy yellow below, 

 tinged on crest and breast with red; 

 black replaced by dusky. Eastern U. 

 S. from the Gulf States, excepting Fla., 

 north to southeastern N. Y., including 

 Long Island. Resident. Common, fre- 

 quenting thickets and the margins of 

 swamps and woodlands. Song, loud, 

 clear, and very melodious, " Whe-er" re- 

 peated six times, liquid and clear ; 

 u ^*V-a" quickly given five or six times ; 

 44 Wheat" a little prolonged and exceed- 

 ingly sweet and clear also given six CC, F, z, 1. 1-6. 



