108 DISEASES OF FIELD & GARDEN CROPS. [CH. 



plant will emerge on the germination of the seed. A 

 single scale or lodicule is enlarged to fifty diameters at 

 Fig. 43 to clearly show its form. In text-books these 

 scales are usually described as fringed at the top, but in 

 nature they are also usually fringed down both sides ; and 

 a similar fringe belongs to both glume and pale towards 



X-5 X<SO 



FIG. 42. Grain of Wheat FIG 43. 



enclosed in its Pale. Lodicule from base of Wheat grain. 



Enlarged 5 diameters. Enlarged 50 diameters. 



their base, and a not dissimilar one to the grain at its 

 apex. 



We will now leave the normal healthy spikelet, and 

 examine a diseased one. When a wheat plant is affected 

 with ear-cockle, the spikelets present a much thinner, 

 looser, and more open appearance than the healthy ones. 

 This appearance is shown at Fig. 44, enlarged two dia- 

 meters ; here the large normal grains are replaced by four 

 small peppercorns, shown solid black in the illustration. 



