110 DISEASES OF FIELD & GARDEX CROPS. [GH. 



these growths have been associated by Mr. William 

 Carruthers, F.R.S., in the Journal of the Royal Agri- 

 cultural Society, vol. xviii., 1882, with the two minute 

 transparent scales or lodicules belonging to the base of 

 the pistil. In some instances these galls are, however, 

 single growths, with one or more furrows, and the ex- 

 ample illustrated at D shows the two persistent lodicules 

 present at its base, proving that the two lodicules which 

 form the perianth of the flower are not invariably the 

 organs which are replaced by the galls. As this particu- 

 lar gall-growth at D is a double one, it probably repre- 

 sents two of the three stamens. A gall of one cell 



X5- 



FIG. 45. 



Galls of Ear-Cockle from a Wheat spikelet. 

 Enlarged 5 diameters. 



represents the pistil, and galls with three cells represent 

 the three stamens. When a single example of pepper- 

 corn only is produced within the glume and pale, it agrees 

 well with the single central oblong carpel, with its downy 

 top. This view confirms Devaine's observation that the 

 gall is formed from any of the growths belonging to the 

 central part of the flower. On one occasion Devaine 

 detected a gall growing from one of the leaves of a wheat 

 plant. 



The galls originate at a very early period of the de- 

 velopment of the flowers of wheat, at a time when the 

 different parts which are to compose the flower are repre- 



