262 DISEASES OF FIELD & GARDEN CROPS. [CH. XXXT. 



is sufficient for a sack of four imperial bushels. The 

 wheat is soaked for ten minutes, or the ten pints of solu- 

 tion may be poured over till all is absorbed. 



Bunt, Tilletia Caries, Tul., is almost confined to two 

 species of Triticum ; but as smut invades many grasses 

 found in pastures and waysides, the disease is clearly often 

 nursed by the weeds. This fact points to the necessity 

 for clean and careful farming. All smutted grasses, as 

 well as the smutted panicles of oats, wheat, and barley, 

 should be gathered in their earliest recognisable stages 

 and burnt. A few common -sense hints given to the 

 labouring men and boys would often save the employer 

 from great losses. 



The smut fungus Ustilago carbo, Tul., has been met 

 with on the following grasses : Andropogon hirtus, L. : 

 Cynodon Dactylon, L. ; hair grass, Aira ccespitosa, L. ; 

 oats, A vena sativa, L. ; yellow oat grass, A. flavescens, L. ; 

 downy oat grass, A. pubescens, L.; Arrhenatherum aven- 

 aceum, Beauv. ; species of Melica ; fescue grass, Festuca 

 pratensis, Huds. ; Brachypodium ciliatum, P.B.; wheat, 

 Triticum vulgare, Vill.; T. turgidum, L.; barley and 

 barley grasses, Hordeum distichum, L.; H. murinum, L. ; 

 H. vulgare, L. ; rye, Secale cereale, L. ; rye grass, Lolium 

 perenne, L. ; darnel grass, L. temulentum, L. ; rice, Oryza 

 saliva, L. ; and .no doubt other plants. The different 

 species of millet or sorghum, which in the south of 

 Europe and some parts of Asia are grown for bread in 

 the place of the oats and barley of northern Europe, are 

 sometimes badly smutted. Sorghum vulgare, P., and Setaria 

 italica, Beauv., are the chief food plants affected in India, 

 Arabia, Asia Minor, Spain, and Italy. 



Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S., has recently detected 

 a new British smut fungus, Ustilago Kiihniana, Wolff, on 

 Rumex Acetosa, L. ; and a second new species, U. Candollei, 

 Tul., has been found on Polygonum. 



