DISSECTING MANUAL. 



capsule lined by a synovial membrane. There are also acces- 

 sory ligaments, distinct from the capsule, as follows: [263] 



Ligamenta Subflava. A layer of yellow elastic fibres run- 

 ning from the front of each lamina, just above its lower border, 

 to the back of the lamina next below; it extends laterally to 

 the capsule; mesially, it joins its fellow at the root of the 

 spinous process. [263] 



Interspinous Ligaments. These are layers of interlacing 

 fibres springing from near the tips of two adjacent spines and 

 radiating to their opposing margins ; they extend from base to 

 tip. [263] 



Supraspinous Ligaments. These are longitudinal bands of 

 fibres of varying lengths, in continuity with the preceding, 

 connecting the tips of the spines; they also project backward 

 from the spines between the muscles as a mesial elastic par- 

 tition (ligamentum nuchce) attached above to the occipital 

 crest; the free posterior margin of this partition extends from 

 the spine of the vertebra prominens to the external occipital 

 protuberance. [264] 



Atlo-axoid Articulation. There are two arthrodial diarthro- 

 ses between the articular processes; and a rotary diarthrosis 

 between the facet on the front of the odontoid process and that 

 on the back of the anterior arch. Each has a complete capsule 

 with its synovial membrane. Each capsule connecting the ar- 

 ticular processes presents a band (accessory ligament) running, 

 within the canal, from the lateral mass of the atlas to the top 

 of the body of the axis. The additional ligaments are as 

 follows: [265] 



Anterior Atlo-axoid. A thin membrane running from the 

 anterior arch of the atlas to the front of the body of the axis; 

 a prolongation of the anterior common ligament thickens it 

 mesially. [265] 



Posterior Atlo-axoid. A layer replacing the ligamenta sub- 

 flava and running from the posterior arch of the atlas to the 

 upper border of the neural arch of the axis. [265] 



[22] 



