BONES OF THE SKULL. 



and the palatal process is a plate running horizontally inward 

 from the inner side of the body and alveolar process. [131] 



The two malar bones (cheek bones) lie on the outer sides of 

 the orbital fossae, upon the superior maxillae. Each has four 

 angles, or processes. [135] 



The two nasal bones are elongated and quadrilateral plates 

 which form the bridge of the nose. [137] 



The two lachrymal bones are thin and quadrangular scales 

 which lie on each inner orbital wall, just behind the nasal proc- 

 ess of the superior maxilla. [138] 



The two inferior tubinated bones are elongated and shell- 

 like laminae which lie along the lower part of the outer wall of 

 each nasal fossa. [139] 



The vomer is irregularly quadrilateral and lies below the 

 sphenoid at the back of the nasal septum. [140] 



The two palate bones lie below the sphenoid and help form 

 the back of the hard palate and outer walls of the nasal fossse. 

 Each consists of two plates, horizontal and vertical, which are 

 united like the letter L, the horizontal plate running inward ; 

 a tuberosity runs backward and outward from the angle be- 

 tween the plates. Two processes, orbital and sphenoidal, sur- 

 mount the front and back parts respectively of the top of the 

 vertical plate.' [141] 



The inferior maxilla (mandible) has a horizontal and horse- 

 shoe-shaped body from which two rami project vertically 

 upward, behind. Body. Externally this presents, in the mid- 

 line in front, a vertical ridge (symphysis) which divides infe- 

 riorly to enclose a triangular area (mental protuberance) ; the 

 inferior angles of the protuberance are prominent (mental tu- 

 bercles) . On its outer surface, on each side, a faint ridge (ex- 

 ternal oblique line) runs from the mental tubercle to the an- 

 terior border of the ramus; just above the centre of the ridge 

 is the foramen (mental) of the inferior dental canal. The 

 upper border presents the tooth sockets; these of the canine 

 and incisors produce ridges ; between the canine ridge and the 



[3] 



