ANTERIOR ASPECT OF HEAD AND NECK. 



rymal papillso and run in the margins of the lids. The upper 

 one first ascends and then runs inward ; the lower one first de- 

 scends and then runs inward ; each one is dilated (ampulla duc- 

 tus lacrimalis) where it bends. They open close together into 

 the outer and fore part of the lachrymal sac just below its 

 middle. The lachrymal sac is a small reservoir lying in the 

 groove between the lachrymal bone and the nasal process of 

 the superior maxilla; its lower end narrows into the nasal duct. 

 The nasal duct descends from the sac and opens into the in- 

 ferior meatus of the nose; its lower orifice is often guarded by 

 a fold (valve, or plica lacrimalis of Hasner) of mucous mem- 

 brane. [740] 



ANTERIOR ASPECT OF HEAD AND NECK. 



Superficial Fascia. On the face it is thin and loose below 

 the eyelids, and continuous with a fatty pad between the 

 Buccinator and Masseter. On the neck it is separated from 

 the deep fascia by the Platysma. [399] 



Deep Fascia. On the face proper it is almost non-existent, 

 but forms a thin masseteric fascia posteriorly and then thick- 

 ens as the parotid capsule. Over the Temporal it forms the 

 temporal fascia, which is continuous with the epicranial apo- 

 neurosis and is attached above to the temporal ridge and below, 

 splitting in two layers, to the zygoma. [400] 



In the neck it is attached below to the sternum, first rib, clavi- 

 cle, and scapula; and above to the superior curved line of the 

 occipital, mastoid process, lower border of the mandible, and 

 (behind the pharynx and parotid) styloid and vaginal processes 

 of the temporal, great wing of the sphenoid, and basilar process 

 of the occipital. A continuous layer covers the neck, sur- 

 rounds the Trapezius and deep muscles behind, helps form the 

 carotid sheath, and splits to enclose the Sterno-mastoid; at 

 the lower end of the latter it is attached in two layers to the 

 front and back of the episternal notch. Septal layers, contin- 



[59] 



