DISSECTING MANUAL. 



absent in joints where the rib articulates with one vertebra 

 only. [270] 



Costo-transverse. There is an arthrodial diarthrosis be- 

 tween the tubercle of each rib and the facet on the transverse 

 process of the lower of the two vertebrae which its head joins. 

 Each has a weak capsule with a synovial membrane. There is 

 no such joint with the eleventh and twelfth ribs. [270] 



Anterior or Superior Costo-transverse Ligaments. These are 

 strong bands attached to the upper border of the neck of a 

 rib, from the head to the non-articular part of the tubercle. 

 The most internal run upward and outward to the transverse 

 process next above, extending to the adjoining rib and its 

 costo- transverse capsule. The middle ones ascend vertically; 

 and those from the tubercle run upward and inward to the 

 lower part and back of the adjoining transverse process. It 

 is absent with the first rib; and absent or rudimentary with 

 the twelfth. [270] 



Posterior Costo-tramverse Ligament. This is a transverse 

 band on the capsule behind, connecting the external rough 

 surface of the tubercle with the tip of the transverse process 

 behind the facet. [270] 



Middle Costo-transverse Ligament. This consists of short 

 fibres arising from the back of the neck of the rib, and running 

 backward and inward to the front of its transverse process 

 and, partly, the back of the inferior articular process of the 

 upper one of the vertebras which the rib joins. It is rudimen- 

 tary with the eleventh and twelfth ribs. [270] 



Ligamentum Lumbo-costale. This is a band from the upper 

 surface of the base of the first lumbar transverse process to 

 the under surface of the neck of the twelfth rib and under sur- 

 face of the twelfth dorsal transverse process. [271] 



Interchondral. There are arthrodial diarthroses between 

 the adjoining margins of the fifth to eighth, or ninth, costal 

 cartilages ; the cartilages here develop prolongations with flat- 

 tened facets. Each joint has a capsule and synovial mem- 



[112] 



