FASCIA. 



brane; the capsule is strengthened in front and behind by ex- 

 ternal and internal interchondral ligaments. [271] 



Costo-sternal. There are arthrodial diarthroses between 

 the sternum and the second to seventh costal cartilages. Each 

 has a capsule and one synovial membrane, or more if an inter- 

 articular ligament exists. The first costal cartilage joins the 

 sternum directly without any joint. [271] 



Anterior Costo-sternal Ligament. This consists of fibres 

 radiating over the capsule, from the end of each costal cartilage 

 to the front of the sternum. [271] 



Posterior Costo-sternal Ligament. This consists of similar 

 fibres on the capsule behind. [272] 



Ligamentum Costo-xiphoidea. This consists of fibres ascend- 

 ing from the front of the xiphoid to the front of the seventh, 

 and even the sixth, costal cartilage. [272] 



Interarticular Ligaments. These consist of horizontal fibres 

 between the sternum and the end of each costal cartilage, 

 within the capsule. They always divide the second joint into 

 two compartments, but are irregular elsewhere. [272] 



Sternal. A species of amphiarthrosis usually persists be- 

 tween the manubrium and gladiolus; there is an intervening 

 plate of hyaline cartilage but no joint cavity. [272] 



FASCIA. 



Fasciae. Pectoral Region. The superficial fascia is fatty. 

 The deep fascia investing the Pectoralis major is attached 

 above to the clavicle and internally to the sternum; it is con- 

 tinuous below with the abdominal fascia and externally with 

 the deep fascia of the arm. It becomes thickened (axillary 

 fascia) at the outer border of the Pectoralis major and forms 

 the floor of the axilla. The costo-coracoid membrane is a deeper 

 layer ascending from the upper border of the Pectoralis 

 minor, which it invests. It splits at the lower border of the 

 Subclavius into two layers, which enclose that muscle and are 

 attached to the borders of the under surface of the clavicle. 

 8 [113] 



