DISSECTING MANUAL. 



DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 



Stomach. This is pyriform, ten or eleven inches long, four 

 to four and a half inches wide, and will hold about a quart; its 

 long axis is almost horizontal when empty but runs obliquely 

 forward, downward and to the right when distended. It has 

 two ends, cardiac and pyloric ; two margins, greater and lesser 

 curvatures; two surfaces, superior and inferior; and two ori- 

 fices, cardia and pylorus. It is firmly fixed at the cardia but 

 movable elsewhere. [1050] 



The upper surface is the more convex and larger. It is in 

 relation with the diaphragm, anterior abdominal wall, and left 

 lobe of the liver when distended; when empty, the transverse 

 colon intervenes. The lower surface is in relation with the dia- 

 phragm, spleen, left kidney and suprarenal, pancreas, and 

 transverse colon and mesocolon. The cardiac end (fundus) is 

 a large rounded cul-de-sac directed backward and to the left. 

 The pyloric end is a narrow and cylindrical prolongation join- 

 ing the duodenum; when distended this has a special dilata- 

 tion (antrum pylori). [1054] 



The lesser curvature extends from pylorus to cardia and is 

 directed toward the liver. The greater curvature is three times 

 as long, extends from the cardia over the fundus to the pylorus, 

 and is directed forward and to the left. The cesophageal orifice 

 (cardia) opens into the gullet and lies deeply, opposite the 

 eleventh dorsal vertebra. The pyloric orifice (pylorus) opens 

 into the duodenum ; it presents an external constriction, mark- 

 ing an internal thickening (pyloric valve) of the wall produced 

 by circular muscular fibres (Sphincter pylori). [1055] 



Structure. There are four coats, as follows, from without 

 inward: The peritoneal consists of greater sac anteriorly and 

 lesser sac posteriorly, and covers it completely except over a 

 small triangular area posteriorly, below and to the left of the 

 cardia. The muscular consists of an external longitudinal 



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