DISSECTING MANUAL. 



they spread out in a continuous layer; one lies on the anterior 

 surface of the gut, and two behind. [1074] 



Caecum. This is the wide cul-de-sac, about two and a half 

 inches long, which lies below the ileo-caecal valve with its lower 

 end (jundus) directed downward and inward. It lies in the 

 right iliac fossa, just above Poupart's ligament, upon the 

 Psoas and is usually completely covered by peritoneum. The 

 ileo-ccecal valve lies on the back of the inner wall guarding the 

 orifice of the ileum. It consists of two projecting folds (seg- 

 ments) which are formed by an infolding of all the coats of the 

 gut except the peritoneum and longitudinal muscular fibres. 

 The upper fold is horizontal, the lower slopes upward and in- 

 ward; they unite at each end of the orifice and are prolonged 

 around the wall as two prominent folds (frenula). [1076] 



Vermiform Process. This long, narrow, tubular out- 

 growth springs from the inner and back part of the caecum, an 

 inch to an inch and a half below the ileo-csecal valve. It 

 usually runs either upward, upward and inward, or downward 

 and inward, but varies in length, size, and position. It is com- 

 pletely covered by peritoneum and has a mesentery (meso- 

 appendix) extending to its tip and connected with the under 

 surface of the mesentery proper. [1079] 



Ccecal Fossce. The most prominent are the following: The 

 retro-colic fossce (inconstant) are shown by turning the caecum 

 upward ; the external lies behind the outer part of the ascend- 

 ing colon, just above the caecum; the internal is behind the 

 inner part. The ileo-ccecal fossa is shown by drawing the ap- 

 pendix down. It lies under the end of the ileum, and opens to 

 the left, behind a fold (ileo-caecal) running from the ileum to the 

 front of the meso-appendix. The ileo-colic fossa lies above the 

 end of the ileum, and opens to the left, behind a fold (ileo- 

 colic) containing the anterior caecal artery. [1081] 



Colon. The ascending colon is about eight inches long, and 

 ascends from the ileo-caecal orifice to the liver. Then bending 

 (hepatic flexure) forward and to the left it becomes the trans- 



[220] 



