DISSECTING MANUAL. 



hilus, it lies under the pancreas and has no peritoneum. The 

 upper and outer part lies under the spleen and is covered by 

 greater sac except along the origin of the lieno-renal ligament. 

 The lower end is related internally to the jejunum, and exter- 

 nally to the splenic flexure. There are three impressions; one 

 (splenic) on the upper and outer part; another (for the colon 

 arid jejunum) descending to the lower end; and a third (gas- 

 tric) above and near the hilus. [1135] 



Structure. The floor of the sinus presents twelve to fifteen 

 smah 1 conical elevations (renal papilla?), the summit of each 

 being pierced by the minute orifices (foramina papillaria) of 

 the secreting tubercles. On section pyramidal masses (medul- 

 lary pyramids) are seen with their bases toward, but not 

 reaching, the surface, while their apices form the renal papillae; 

 these pyramids form the medulla, which appears striated ; the 

 outer part of each pyramid (intermediate zone) appears formed 

 of light and dark streaks while the inner (papillary) part is 

 lighter and more uniform. A granular layer (cortex) separates 

 the bases of the pyramids from the outer surface of the kidney, 

 and sends prolongations (columns of Bertin) between them 

 toward the sinus. The secreting tubules arise in the cortex 

 and traverse the pyramids to the foramina. [1137] 



Ureter. This begins as a thin funnel-shaped dilatation 

 (pelvis) lying both within and outside of the kidney sinus, be- 

 hind the renal vessels. In the sinus it divides into two or three 

 tubes, each with several branches (calyces, or infundibula) 

 surrounding the papillae ; there are usually twelve calyces and 

 one may surround two or more papillae. Near the lower end 

 of the kidney it narrows rapidly to become the ureter. The 

 ureter is a thick-walled tube, about ten inches long, which runs 

 behind the peritoneum to the bladder. At first it runs down- 

 ward and slightly inward on the Psoas to the pelvic brim, pass- 

 ing over the genito-crural nerve and common or external iliac 

 artery, but under the spermatic or ovarian vessels and (left 

 side) root of the pelvic mesocolon or (right side) duodenum and 



[232] 



