ARTICULATIONS. 



have two concavities, separated by a ridge. The surfaces be- 

 tween the second and third rows are similar. The distal ends 

 of the terminal phalanges are spatulous. The two phalanges 

 of the great toe differ only in being larger. [244] 



ARTICULATIONS. 



Hip Joint. In this enarthrodial diarthrosis the head of the 

 femur, which is covered with hyaline cartilage except over the 

 pit, is received in the acetabulum; this is lined at the sides 

 with hyaline cartilage, and is completed by the transverse liga- 

 ment and deepened by the cotyloid ligament. The transverse 

 ligament consists of transverse fibres which bridge the acetab- 

 ular notch and are attached to the sides, especially the postero- 

 inferior; under its lower edge is an opening for vessels and 

 nerves. The cotyloid ligament is a fibre-cartilaginous ring at- 

 tached by its broader edge to the rim of the acetabulum and 

 transverse ligament; its contracted free edge grasps the head 

 of the femur. [293] 



The capsule is attached superiorly, around the acetabulum, 

 to the innominate bone above and behind, and the cotyloid 

 and transverse ligaments below and in front. Inferiorly it is 

 attached to the femur, viz.: to the anterior intertrochanteric 

 line in front; the inner aspect of the root of the great trochan- 

 ter above ; the lower part of the neck, near the small trochan- 

 ter, below; and the line of junction of the outer and middle 

 thirds of the neck behind. It consists of circular fibres (zona 

 orbicularis) which are best marked behind ; and of longitudinal 

 fibres which are best marked in front, where they form special 

 ligaments. Many fibres are reflected upward on the neck of 

 the femur in ridges (retinacula) . [294] 



The special ligaments of the longitudinal fibres are the fol- 

 lowing: The ilio-femoral is a strong triangular portion attached 

 above (by its apex) to the lower part of the anterior inferior 

 iliac spine and adjacent rim of the acetabulum, and below to 



[259] 



