DEAD AND LIVING MATTER 



II 



A plant large enough to be handled is made up of a mul- 

 titude of cells grown together, each of which is, or has 

 been, alive. An animal large 

 enough to be seen without a 

 microscope is also made up 

 of many living cells, each of 

 which is like the ameba in 

 many respects. 



Needs of Plants and Ani- 

 mals Plants and animals 

 need certain things to keep 

 them in health. Without food 

 and water, they can not live 

 long. They must receive a 

 certain amount of warmth, or 

 they will either freeze to death 

 or cease to grow. Animals 

 and the higher forms of plant life must have air. The 

 protoplasm in certain cells of the higher plants must have 

 light, or the plants will soon die. To keep plants and 

 animals healthy, we must provide them with the things 

 that they need. 



Produce. The farmer rears plants and animals. He 

 rears plants on his land, and his animals feed on the 

 plants. Plants and animals reared on the farm are 

 called produce. The farmer sells a part of his produce 

 to those that need it, and thus secures the means to buy 

 clothing and tools, to erect his buildings, to improve 

 his home, and to educate his children. His soil is formed 

 of mineral matters and the dead remains of plants and 

 animals. The farmer needs to learn all he can about 



FIG. 4 Showing cells for the apple leaf 

 in a section from its upper to its 

 lower surface. Highly magnified. The 

 spaces marked I are cavities between 

 the cells. 



