164 SEMITROPICAL FRUITS 



so that there arc no severe frosts to be feared, at least no hard 

 freezing. 



The orange orchard must be protected from winds either 

 by hills or a grove of other trees. 



There must be plenty of water. If nature does not supply 

 enough, the soil must be irrigated. (See Lesson 30.) 



Orange trees must be carefully pruned (cut back) during 

 the season when the tree is not bearing fruit. Only the dead 

 branches and those no longer useful should be cut off. There 

 is great danger of cutting away too much. The natural 

 shape of the crown of the tree must be kept, as the fruit and 

 the leaves grow on the ends of the branches. 



The Lemon. The lemon likes best a sandy loam, though 

 it will grow well in other soils also. While the lemon does 

 not require the heat necessary to produce the best oranges, 

 it will not, at the same time, stand so much cold as the latter. 

 The root of the orange tree will thrive in a greater variety 

 of soils than will the root of the lemon tree, therefore it is 

 quite common to graft the lemon (page 80) on an orange 

 seedling stock. 



Owing to its spreading habit, the tree must be carefully 

 pruned. If this is not done, the fruit will be borne at the 

 end of the long, willowy branches, and it will then be im- 

 possible to cultivate the ground as it should be. 



Enemies of the Orange and the Lemon 



Scale Insects. Chief among the insect enemies of these 

 fruits are the soft scale, the red scale, and a variety of the 

 latter, called the yellow scale. 



If you look on the under side of the leaves, you may find 



