592 THE WORLD' WONDERS. 



size, and this year were described as of enormous size, mountain- 

 like, with valleys, rivers, and bays. The summers are growing 

 so cool in the United States that the great cities, instead of being 

 depopulated during alleged warm weather, are crowded, 



It is revelant to note that in 1824 Scandinavian seal-men found 

 an open winter, the snow melting as it fell. Kane, in the winter 

 of 1851, recorded an average temperature of about minus 5. 

 The Polaris expedition during the winter of 1872-3 experienced 

 a temperature of minus 40. Dr. Hall asserts that the mercury 

 froze. Lieutenant Greely, ten years later, records a mean ther- 

 mometer of minus 41, with a maximum of minus 62 and a half 

 degrees the lowest yet noted. 



Among the many interesting discoveries of the party were 

 some enormous glaciers. Many were found by Lieutenant 

 Greely in the vicinity of Lake Hazen, the Icirgest of which was 

 named Henrietta Nesmith. This is the third prominent feature 

 of the arctics named after women. The others are Lady Frank- 

 lin Bay and Victoria and Albert Mountains. The largest glazier 

 discovered, and perhaps in existence, was found beyond Lake 

 Hazen, in Grinnell Land, toward the Polar Ocean, and was named 

 after Agassiz. It resembled the great wall of China, and was at 

 first so christened. It forms the southern 4ce cap of Grinnell 

 Land, and is separated from the northern ice cap by sixty miles. 

 Looking out on the Polar Sea, not far from this glacier, Lieuten- 

 ant Lockwood saw the northern termination of Grinnell Land, 

 which he named after Sergeant Brainerd, who followed him 

 persistently and faithfully during the long arctic night. To the 

 south the southern termination was seen, and called Cape Lock- 

 wood. Beyond was open water, and across that a new country, 

 which was named after President Arthur. Grinnell Land, so 

 thoroughly explored by the Greely party, may be called the land 

 of glaciers. The Agassiz Glacier is now the most northern, and 

 those of the Grand Tetons, in Wyoming, the most southern, 

 known to North America. If these enormous ice mountains arc 

 increasing in size and number, it would not be too much to 

 expect that the temperature of the entire continent is gradually 

 lowering. 



