b STERCULTACEiE. — TILIACE^. Fremontia. 



STERCULIACE^. 



16. Fremontia Californica, Torr. 



Slippery Elm. 



California, — valley of Pitt River, southward along the western foot- 

 hills of the Sierra Nevada, and in the Coast Ranges from the Santa Lucia 

 to the San Jacinto Mountains ; rare at the north, most common and 

 reaching its greatest development on the southern Sierras and the San 

 Gabriel and San Bernardino Ranges. 



A small tree, G to 10 metres in height, the short trunk often 0.30 to 

 0.4"> metre in diameter, or more often a tall, much branched shrub; dry, 

 gravelly soil. 



Wood heavy, hard, very close-grained, compact, satiny, containing 

 many groups of small ducts parallel to the thin, conspicuous medullary 

 rays ; layers of annual growth obscure ; color dark brown tinged with 

 red, the thick sap-wood lighter. 



The mucilaginous inner bark used locally in poultices. 



TILIACE^E. 



17. Tilia Americana, L. 



Lime Tree. Basswood. American Linden. Lin. Bee Tree. 



Northern New Brunswick, westward in British America to about the 

 one hundred and second meridian, southward to Virginia and along the 

 Alleghany Mountains to Georgia and southern Alabama ; extending west, 

 in the United States, to eastern Dakota, eastern Nebraska, eastern Kansas, 

 the Indian Territory, and the valley of the San Antonio River, Texas. 



A large tree, 20 to 2-i metres in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.20 

 metres in diameter, or, exceptionally, 30 to 45 metres in height, with a 

 trunk 0.92 to 1.84 metres in diameter; common in all northern forests 

 on rich soil ; toward its western and southwestern limits only on bottom- 

 lands. A variety ( T. Americana, var. pubescens, Loud) with thinner 

 leaves softly pubescent beneath occasionally occurs in swamps and low 

 ground from North Carolina to western Florida, generally near the 

 coast. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, very close-grained, compact, easily 

 worked : medullary rays numerous, rather obscure ; color light brown, or 

 often slightly tinged with red. the sap-wood hardly distinguishable ; largely 

 used in the manufacture of wooden-ware and cheap furniture, for the 

 panels and bodies of carriages, the inner soles of shoes, in turnery, and 

 the manufacture of paper pulp. 



The inner bark, macerated, is sometimes manufactured into coarse cord- 

 age and matting; the flowers, rich in honey, are highly prized by apiarists. 



