Fraxlnus. OLEACE.E. 



61 



ducts ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color light browu, the sap-wood 



lighter. 



191. Fraxinus pistacisefolia. Torr. 

 Ask. 



Mountains of western Texas, southern New Mexico, and southern and 

 eastern Arizona, to southern Nevada ; in northern Mexico. 



A small tree, 10 to 12 metres in height, with a trunk rarely 0.45 metre 

 in diameter ; o-enerally along borders of streams, in elevated canons, less 

 commonly in "dry soil, the foliage then thick and coriaceous or, more 

 rarely, velvety tomentose (var. coriacea, Gray) ; the large specimens 

 generally hollow and defective. 



Wood heavy, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, compact ; medullary rays 

 numerous, thin; color light brown, the sap-wood lighter; occasionally 

 used in wagon-building, for axe handles, etc. 



192. Fraxinus Americana, L. 

 White Ash. 



Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, southern Ontario to northern Minne- 

 sota, south to northern Florida, central Alabama and Mississippi, and 

 west to eastern Nebraska, Kansas, the Indian Territory, and the valley 

 of the Devil's River, Texas. 



A large tree of the first economic value, 15 to 30 or, exceptionally, 42 

 metres in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 1.80 metres in diameter ; low, rich, 

 rather moist soil, reaching its greatest development on the bottom-lands of 

 the lower Ohio River Basin ; toward its western and southwestern limits 

 smaller, of less economic value, and generally replaced by the green ash 

 (Fraxinus viridis). The form of western Texas (var. Texensis, Gray), 

 with smaller fruit, and generally 5 short, ovate leaflets, is a small tree, 

 with harder, heavier, and more compact wood. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, ultimately brittle, coarse-grained, compact ; 

 layers of annual growth clearly marked by several rows of large open 

 ducts, which in slowly grown specimens occupy nearly the entire width 

 of the annual rings ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color brown, the 

 sap-wood much lighter, often nearly white ; largely used in the manufac- 

 ture of agricultural implements, carriages, handles, oars, and for interior 

 and cabinet work. 



193. Fraxinus pubescens, Lam. 

 Red Ash. 



New Brunswick to southern Ontario and northern Minnesota, south to 

 northern Florida and central Alabama. 



A tree 12 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 

 metre in diameter ; borders of streams and swamps, in low ground ; com- 

 mon and reaching its greatest development in the north Atlantic States ; 



