62 OLEACE.E. Fraxinus. 



rare west of the Alleghany Mountains, probably not extending west of the 

 Mississippi River. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, brittle, coarse-grained, compact ; medullary 

 rays numerous, thin ; color rich brown, the sap-wood light brown streaked 

 with yellow ; somewhat used as a substitute for the more valuable white 

 ash, with which it is often confounded. 



1 94. Fraxinus viridis, Michx. f. 

 Green Ash. 



Shores of Lake Champlain, Rhode Island and southward to northern 

 Florida, west to the valley of the Saskatchewan, the eastern ranges of the 

 Rocky Mountains of Montana, the Wahsatch Mountains of Utah, and the 

 ranges of eastern and northern Arizona. 



A tree 15 to 18 metres in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 0.60 

 metre in diameter ; borders of streams or in low, rather moist soil ; at the 

 West confined to the bottom-lands of the large streams and to high moun- 

 tain canons. A form with 3 to 5 leaflets, common in Texas west of the 

 Colorado River and extending into Mexico, is var. Berlandieriana, Torr. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, brittle, .rather coarse-grained, compact, 

 satiny, containing numerous scattered small open ducts, the layers of 

 annual growth marked by several rows of larger ducts ; medullary rays 

 numerous, obscure ; color brown, the sap-wood lighter. 



195. Fraxinus platycarpa, Michx. 

 Water Ash. 



Southeastern Virginia, south near the coast to Cape Canaveral and the 

 Caloosa River. Florida, west through the Gulf States to the valley of the 

 Sabine River, Texas, and the Washita River, southwestern Arkansas ; in 

 the West Indies. 



A small tree, 9 to 12 metres in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 

 0.30 metre in diameter ; deep river swamps. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, brittle, close-grained, compact, the 

 open duets not conspicuous; medullary rays few, obscure ; color nearly 

 white or sometimes tinged with yellow, the sap-wood lighter. 



196. Fraxinus quadrangulata, Michx. 

 Bine Ask. 



Southern Michigan to central Minnesota, south to northern Alabama, 

 and through Iowa and Missouri to northeastern Arkansas. 



A tree 18 to 2.") or,- exceptionally, 37 metres in height, with a trunk 

 rarely exceeding 0.00 metre in diameter; generally on limestone hills, 

 rarelv extending to bottom-lands, and reaching its greatest development in 

 the basin of the lower Wabash River. 



Wood heavy, hard, not strong, brittle, close-grained, compact, satiny ; 

 layers of annual growth clearly marked by one to three rows of large 



