Umbellularia LAURACEiE. 69 



A small tree, 6 to 9 metres in height, with a trunk rarely exceeding 

 0.15 metre in diameter; common and reaching its greatest development, 

 in Florida, on the shores of Bay Biscayue and in the neighborhood of 

 Cape Romano. 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, checking in drying, containing many 

 small regularly distributed open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; 

 color rich dark brown, the sap-wood bright yellow. 



217. Sassafras officinale, Nees. 

 Sassafras. 



Eastern Massachusetts to southwestern Vermont, and west through 

 southern Ontario and central Michigan to southeastern Iowa, eastern 

 Kansas, and the Indian Territory; south to middle Florida, and the val- 

 ley of the Brazos River, Texas. 



A tree 12 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter, exceptionally, 24 to 27 metres in height, with a trunk 1.80 to 

 2.25 metres in diameter, or toward its northern limits reduced to a small 

 tree or shrub ; rich, sandy loam, reaching its greatest development in 

 southwestern Arkansas and the Indian Territory. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse-grained, very durable in 

 contact with the soil, slightly aromatic, checking in drying ; layers of 

 annual growth clearly marked with three or four rows of large open 

 ducts ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color dull orange-brown, the thin 

 sap-wood light yellow ; used for light skiffs, ox-yokes, etc., and largely 

 for fence posts and rails, and in cooperage. 



The root, and especially its bark, enters into commerce, affording a 

 powerful aromatic stimulant. 



218. Umbelhilaria Californica, Nutt. 



Mountain Laurel. California Laurel. Spice Tree. Cagiput. 

 California Olive. California Bay-tree. 



Southwestern Oregon, south through the California Coast Ranges, and 

 along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. 



An evergreen tree, 24 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 

 1.80 metres in diameter, or toward its southern limits and at high eleva- 

 tions a small tree or shrub ; most common and reaching its greatest devel- 

 opment in the rich valleys of southwestern Oregon. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, compact, susceptible of a 

 beautiful polish, containing numerous small regularly distributed open 

 ducts ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color rich light brown, the sap- 

 wood lighter ; used on the Oregon coast in ship-building, for jaws, bitts, 

 cleats, cross-trees, etc., and the most valuable material produced in the 

 Pacific forests for interior and cabinet work. 



