72 URTICACE.E. Ulmus. 



A large tree, 20 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.90 

 metre in diameter ; low, wet clay, rich uplands or rocky declivities and 

 river cliffs ; common and reaching its greatest development in southern 

 Ontario and the southern peninsula of Michigan. 



Wood heavy, hard, very strong, tough, very close-grained, compact, 

 susceptible of a beautiful polish ; layers of annual growth marked with 

 one or two rows of small open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; 

 color light clear brown often tinged with red, the thick sap-wood much 

 lighter ; largely iiaed in the manufacture of heavy agricultural implements, 

 wheel-stock, and for railway-ties, bridge-timbers, sills, etc. 



226. Ulmus alata, Miehx. 

 Wdhoo. Winged Elm. 



Southern Virginia, south through the middle districts to western 

 Florida, through the Gulf States to the valley of the Trinity River, 

 Texas, extending north through the eastern portions of the Indian Terri- 

 tory, Arkansas, and southern Missouri to southern Indiana and Illinois. 



A small tree, 7 to 12 metres in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0,60 metre 

 in diameter ; generally in dry r , gravelly soil, or rarely along the borders of 

 swamps and bottom-lands ; most common and reaching its greatest devel- 

 opment in southern Missouri and Arkansas. 



Wood heavy, hard, not strong, very close-grained, compact, unwedge- 

 afele ; medullary rays distant, not conspicuous ; color brown, the sap-wood 

 lighter largely used for hubs, blocks, etc. 



227. Planera aquatica, Gmel. 



Valley of the Cape Fear River, North Carolina, south to western 

 Florida, and through central Alabama and Mississippi to western Lou- 

 isiana and the valley of the Trinity River, Texas, extending north 

 through Arkansas and southern Missouri to central Kentucky and 

 southern Illinois. 



A small tree, to 12 metres in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.60 metre 

 in diameter : cold. deep, inundated river-swamps ; rare in the Atlantic and 

 eastern Gulf States; very common and reaching its greatest development 

 in western Louisiana and southern Arkansas. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, compact, containing few 

 scattered open duets ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; color light brown, 

 the sap-wood nearly white. 



228. Celtis occidentalis, L. 

 Sugar-berry. Hackberry. 



Valley of die Saint Lawrence River, west to eastern Dakota, south 

 through the Atlantic region to Bay Biscayne and Cape Romano, Florida, 

 and the valley of the Devil's River, Texas. 



