76 JUGLANDACE.E. Juglans. 



A tree sometimes 15 to 18 metres in height, with a trunk 0.45 to 0.60 

 metre in diameter ; banks of streams and high mountain canons. 



Wood light, soft, weak, very close-grained, compact ; layers of annual 

 growth clearly marked by several rows of open ducts ; medullary rays 

 numerous, thin, very conspicuous ; color light brown tinged with red, the 

 sap-wood lighter. 



JUG-LANDACE^E. 



238. Juglans cinerea, L. 

 Butternut. White Walnut. 



Southern New Brunswick, valley of the Saint Lawrence River, 

 Ontario and southern Michigan to northern Minnesota and central Iowa ; 

 south to Delaware, and along the Alleghany Mountains to northern 

 Georgia, central Alabama and Mississippi, northern Arkansas, and south- 

 eastern Kansas. 



A tree 18 to 24 or, exceptionally, 30 to 35 metres in height, with a 

 trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in diameter; rich woodlands; rare at the south; 

 most common and reaching its greatest development in the Ohio River 

 basin. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, rather coarse-grained, compact, easily 

 worked, satiny, susceptible of a beautiful polish, containing numerous 

 regularly distributed large open ducts; medullary rays distant, thin, 

 obscure; color bright light brown, turning dark with exposure, the sap- 

 wood lighter ; largely used for interior finish, cabinet work. etc. 



The inner bark, especially that of the root, is employed medicinally as 

 a mild cathartic, and furnishes a yellow dye. 



239. Juglans nigra, L. 



Black Walnut. 



Western Massachusetts, west along the southern shores of Lake Erie 

 through southern Michigan to southern Minnesota, eastern Nebraska, and 

 eastern Kansas, south to western Florida, central Alabama and Mississippi, 

 and the valley of the San Antonio River, Texas. 



A large tree, often 30 to 45 metres in height, with a trunk 1.80 to 

 3 metres in diameter : rich bottom-lands and hillsides ; most common and 

 reaching its greatest development on the western slopes of the southern 

 Alleghany Mountains and in the rich bottoms of southwestern Arkansas 

 and the Indian Territory ; less common east of the Alleghany Mountains, 

 and now everywhere scarce. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, rather coarse-grained, liable to check it' not 

 carefully seasoned, easily worked, susceptible of a beautiful polish, durable 

 in ((intact with tin- soil, containing numerous large regularly distributed 

 open ducts; medullary rays numerous, thin, not conspicuous; color rich 



