Quercus. CUPULIFER^. 81 



John's River and Tampa Bay, Florida, west to western Missouri, western 

 Arkansas, and the valley of the Brazos River, Texas. 



A larn-e tree, 24 to 45 metres in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 2.40 

 metres in diameter ; all soils ; very common, and reaching its greatest 

 development along the western slopes of the Alleghany Mountains and 

 in the valley of the Ohio River and its tributaries, where it often forms 

 a large portion of the forest growth. 



Wood strong, very heavy, hard, tough, close-grained, liable to check 

 unless carefully seasoned, durable in contact with the soil ; layers of an- 

 nual growth strongly marked by several rows of large open ducts; 

 medullary rays broad, prominent; color brown, the sap-wood lighter 

 brown ; largely used in ship-building, construction of all sorts, cooperage, 

 in the manufacture of carriages, agricultural implements, and baskets, and 

 for railway-ties, fencing, interior finish, cabinet-making, fuel, etc. 



252. Quercus lobata, Nee. 

 White Oak. Weeping Oak. 



California west of the Sierra Nevadas, from the valley of the upper 

 Sacramento River, south through the foot-hills and interior valleys to the 

 San Bernardino Mountains. 



The largest of the Pacific oaks, often 30 metres in height, with a trunk 

 0.90 to 2.40 metres in diameter ; very common through the central part 

 of the State. 



Wood moderately hard, fine-grained, compact ; layers of annual growth 

 marked by a few large open ducts and containing few smaller ducts ar- 

 ranged in lines parallel to the broad conspicuous medullary rays ; color 

 light brown, the sap-wood lighter ; considered of little economic value, 

 and only used for fuel. 



253. Quercus Garryana, Doug. 

 White Oak. 



Vancouver's Island, shores of Puget Sound, south through western 

 Washington, Oregon, and California to San Francisco Bay ; in Washington 

 and Oregon extending to the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains. 



A tree 21 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter, or at high elevations reduced to a low shrub ; dry, gravelly soil ; 

 common. 



Wood strong, hard, that of the young trees tough, close-grained, com- 

 pact ; layers of annual growth marked by one to three rows of open ducts ; 

 medullary rays, varying greatly in width, often conspicuous ; color light 

 brown or yellow, the sap-wood lighter, often nearly white ; somewhat used 

 for carriage and cooperage stock, in cabinet-making, ship-building, and very 

 largely for fuel ; the best substitute for Eastern white oak produced in the 



Pacific forests. 



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