82 CUPULIFER.E. Querent. 



254. Querelas obtusiloba, Michx. 

 Post Oak. Iron Oak. 



Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, south to northern Florida, west 

 through southern Ontario and Michigan to eastern Nebraska, eastern 

 Kansas, and the Indian Territory, reaching the one hundredth meridian 

 in central Texas. 



A tree rarely exceeding 24 metres in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.50 

 metres in diameter, or on the Florida coast reduced to a low shrub (var. 

 parvifolia, Chapm.) ; dry, gravelly uplands, clay barrens, or in the South- 

 west on Cretaceous formations ; the most common and widely distributed 

 oak of the Gulf States west of the Mississippi River. 



Wood heavy, hard, close-grained, compact, checking badly in drying, 

 very durable in contact with the soil ; layers of annual growth marked by 

 one to three rows of not large open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, 

 conspicuous ; color dark or light brown, the sap-wood lighter ; largely 

 used, especially in the Southwest, for fencing, railway-ties, and fuel, and 

 somewhat for carriage stock, cooperage, construction, etc. 



255. Quercus undulata, var. Gambelii, Engelm. 



Scrub Oak. 



Mountain region of western Texas and New Mexico to the Santa 

 Catalina and San Francisco Mountains, Arizona, eastern slopes of the 

 Rocky Mountains of Colorado north to the valley of the Platte River, 

 and on the Wahsatch Mountains of Utah. 



A small tree, rarely 15 metres in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.00 

 metre in diameter, or often a low shrub spreading from underground shoots 

 and forming dense thickets, reaching its greatest development on the high 

 mountains of southern New Mexico and Arizona ; the large specimens 

 generally hollow and defective. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, that of young trees quite tough, close- 

 grained, checking badly in drying; layers of annual growth marked In- 

 few not large open ducts ; medullary rays numerous, conspicuous ; color 

 rich dark brown, the sap-wood lighter ; largely used for fuel ; and in Utah 

 the bark in tanning. 



The typical Q. undulata, Torr., of the central Rocky Mountain region 

 does not attain arborescent size and habit. 



256. Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. 



Bur dak. Mossy-cup <><ik. Over-cup Oak. 

 Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, northern shores of Lake Huron to Lake 

 Winnipeg, south to the valley of the Penobscot River. Maine, and along 

 the shores of Lake Champlain and the valley of the Wafe River, Massa- 

 chusetts, to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, west to the eastern foot-bills 

 of the Bockj Mountains of Montana, central Nebraska anil Kansas, south- 

 west to the Indian Territory and the valley of the Nueces River, Texas. 



