Qnerctts. CUPULIFER/E. 



83 



A large tree of the first economic value, 24 to 50 metres in height, with 

 a trunk 1.20 to 2.10 metres in diameter ; rich bottoms and prairies ; in the 

 prairie region the principal growth of the " oak openings," and extending 

 farther west and northwest than any oak of the Atlantic forests. 



Wood heavy, strong, hard, tough, close-grained, compact, more durable 

 in contact with the soil than that of other American oaks ; layers of an- 

 nual growth marked by one to three rows of small open ducts ; medullary 

 r.i \ 3 often broad and conspicuous ; color dark or rich light brown, the sap- 

 wood much lighter; generally confounded with white oak (Q. alba), and 

 employed for the same purposes. 



257. Quercus lyrata, Walt. 



Over-cup Oak. Swamp Post Oak. Water White Oak. 



North Carolina, south near the coast to western Florida, west through 

 Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana to the valley of the Trinity River, 

 Texas, and through Arkansas and southeastern Missouri to middle Ten- 

 nessee, southern Indiana and Illinois. 



A tree 24 to 30 metres in height, with n trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter ; deep, often submerged river-swamps ; rare in the Atlantic 

 States ; more common and reaching its greatest development in the valley 

 of the Red River, in Arkansas and Texas. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, tough, very durable in contact with the 

 ground, close-grained, inclined to check in drying ; layers of annual 

 crowth marked by one to three rows of large open ducts ; medullary 

 .rays broad, numerous, conspicuous; color rich dirk brown, the sap-wood 

 much lighter ; used for the same purposes as that of the white oak ( Q. 

 alba). 



258. Quercus bicolor, Willd. 

 Swamp White Oak. 



Southern Maine, valley of the upper Saint Lawrence River, Ontario, 

 southern peninsula of Michigan to southeastern Iowa and western Mis- 

 souri, south to Delaware, and along the Alleghany Mountains to northern 

 Georgia, northern Kentucky, and northern Arkansas. 



A large tree, 24 to 3G metres in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 3 metres 

 in diameter ; borders of streams and swamps, in dee]) alluvial soil ; com- 

 mon and reaching its greatest development in the region south of the 

 great lakes. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, tough, close-grained, inclined to check in 

 seasoning ; layers of annual growth marked by one to three rows of large 

 open ducts ; medullary rays broad, conspicuous ; color light brown, the 

 sap-wood hardly distinguishable; used for the same purposes as that of 

 the white oak ( Q. alba). 



