Quercus. CUPULIFEK.E. 87 



Wood very heavy, hard, strong, tough, very close-grained, compact, 

 difficult to work, susceptible of a beautiful polish ; layers of annual growth 

 obscure, often hardly distinguishable, containing many small open ducts 

 arranged in short broken rows parallel to the broad conspicuous medullary 

 rays ; color light brown or yellow, the sap-wood nearly white ; formerly 

 very largely and now occasionally used in ship-building. 



26S. Quercus chrysolepis, Liebm. 



Live Oak. Maul Oak. Valparaiso Oak. 



Southwestern Oregon, south through the California Coast Ranges 

 and along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino 

 Mountains between 3,000 and 8,000 feet elevation, and south into Lower 

 California ; southeastern Arizona, San Francisco and Santa Catalina 

 Mountains. 



An evergreen tree, 18 to 27 metres in height, with a trunk sometimes 

 1.50 metres in diameter, or at high elevations reduced to a low narrow- 

 leaved shrub (var. vaccinifolia, Engelm.). 



Wood heavy, very strong and hard, tough, close-grained, compact, 

 difficult to work, containing many rather small open ducts arranged in 

 wide bands parallel to the broad conspicuous medullary rays ; color light 

 brown, the sap-wood darker ; somewhat used in the manufacture of agri- 

 cultural implements, wagons, etc. ; the most valuable oak of the Pacific 

 forests. 



269. Quercus Emoryi, Torr. 

 Black Oak. 



Western Texas, and through the mountain ranges of southern New 

 Mexico and eastern and southern Arizona. 



A tree 12 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter, or toward its eastern limits in Texas reduced to a low shrub ; 

 common and reaching its greatest development in southwestern New 

 Mexico and southern Arizona near streams in open canons between 5,000 

 and 7,000 feet elevation ; dry, gravelly soil, the large specimens hollow 

 and defective. 



Wood very heavy, not hard, strong, brittle, close-grained, compact ; 

 layers of annual growth marked by several rows of small open ducts, 

 these connected by narrow groups of similar ducts parallel to the broad 

 conspicuous medullary rays ; color dark brown or almost black, the thick 

 sap-wood bright brown tinged with red. 



270. Quercus agrifolia, Nee. 



Coast Live Oak. Eaceno. 



California, — Mendocino County, south through the valleys of the 

 Coast Ranges to Lower California. 



