90 CUPULIFER.E. Quercus. 



Kansas, and the Indian Territory, south to Matanzas Inlet and Tampa 

 Bay, Florida, and the valley of the Nueces River, Texas. 



A small tree, sometimes 12 or even 18 metres in height, with a trunk 

 rarely exceeding 0.60 metre in diameter, or more often much smaller; 

 dry, barren uplands, or often on heavy clay soils ; very common through 

 the Southern States, and reaching its greatest development in southwestern 

 Arkansas, the Indian Territory, and eastern Texas, forming, with the post 

 oak ( Q. obtusiloba), the growth of the Texas cross-timbers. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, checking badly in drying ; layers of annual 

 growth marked by several rows of large open ducts ; medullary rays 

 broad, conspicuous ; color rather dark rich brown, the sap-wood much 

 lighter ; of little value except as fuel. 



277. Quercus falcata, Michx. 

 Spanish Oak. Red Oak. 



Long Island, New York, south to middle Florida, through the Gulf 

 States to the valley of the Brazos River, Texas, and through Arkansas 

 and southeastern Missouri to central Tennessee and Kentucky, southern 

 Illinois and Indiana. 



A large tree, 24 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.80 

 metres in diameter; dry, gravelly uplands and barrens; in the North 

 Atlantic States only near the coast, rare ; most common and reaching its 

 greatest development in the South Atlantic and Gulf States, where, in the 

 middle districts, it is the most common forest tree. 



Wood heavy, very hard and strong, not durable, coarse-grained, check- 

 ing badly in drying; layers of annual growth strongly marked by several 

 rows of large open ducts ; medullary rays few, conspicuous ; color light 

 red, the Bap-wood lighter ; somewhat used for cooperage, construction, etc., 

 and very largely for fuel. 



The bark is rich in tannin. 



278. Quercus Catesbaei, Michx. 



Turkey Oak, Scrub Oak. Forked-leaf Black Jack. Blackjack. 



North Carolina, south near the coast to Cape Malabar and Pease Creek, 

 Florida, and along the coast of Alabama and Mississippi. 



A small tree, 7 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk 0.45 to 0.00 metre 

 in diameter; very common in the South Atlantic and east Gulf States 

 upon barren sandy hills and ridges of the maritime pine-belt; rare in 

 Mississippi. 



Wood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, compact; layers of annual 

 growth marked bj several rows of large open ducts, and containing many 

 much smaller ducts arranged in short lines parallel to the broad conspic- 

 uous medullary rays; color light brown tinged with red, the sap-wood 

 somewhat lighter; largely used for fuel. 



