110 CONIFERS. Juniperus. 



A small tree, rarely 6 to 9 metres in height, with a trunk 0.30 to 0.60 

 metre in diameter, or more often a tall shrub, sending up many stems from 

 the ground ; sandy barrens and dry, rocky soil. 



A form (var. Utakensis, Engelm.) with more slender branchlets and 

 smaller globose fruit found from the western base of the Wahsatch Moun- 

 tains, Utah, to eastern California, and south through the Great Basin to 

 southeastern California and the San Francisco Mountains, eastern Arizona, 

 is very common in the elevated valleys and along the lower slopes of all 

 the ranges of central and southern Utah and Nevada, and is the most 

 generally distributed arborescent species of the region. 



Wood light, soft, very close-grained, compact, very durable in con- 

 tact with the soil ; bands of small summer cells thin, dark-colored, not 

 conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, very obscure ; color light brown 

 slightly tinged with red, the sap-wood nearly white ; in southern California 

 largely used for fencing and fuel. 



337. Juniperus pachyphlcea, Torr. 

 Juniper. 



Mountains of western Texas, southern New Mexico and Arizona south 

 of latitude 34° ; in northern Mexico. 



A tree 9 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk 0.C0 to 1.20 metres in 

 diameter ; dry, stony slopes and ridges, generally between 2,000 and 3,000 

 feet elevation ; the prevailing and largest juniper of the mountains of 

 western Texas. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very close-grained, compact, sus- 

 ceptible of a line polish; bands of small summer cells very thin, dark- 

 colored, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, obscure ; color clear 

 light red, often streaked with yellow, the thin sap-wood nearly white. 



338. Juniperus occidentalis, Hook. 

 Juniper. 



Blue Mountains and high prairies of eastern Washington and Oregon, 

 Cascade Mountains of Oregon, valley of the Klamath River, California, 

 and south along the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada, between 7,000 and 

 10,000 feet elevation, to the San Bernardino Mountains. 



A tree 9 to 15 metres in height^ with a trunk 1.20 to 2.10 metres in 

 diameter, or often a low. much-branched shrub; dry, rocky ridges and 

 prairies, reaching its greatest development in the California Sierras. 



Wood light, soft, very close-grained, compact, very durable in contact 

 with the soil : bands of small summer cells thin, not conspicuous; medul- 

 lary rays numerous, very obscure ; color light red or brown, the sap-wood 

 nearly white | largely used for fencing and fuel. 



A* variety (var. monosperma, Engelm.) with smaller, generally 1-seeded 

 berries, extends from the eastern base of Pike's Peak, Colorado, to the 



